The World Stands on Knowledge, Science & Technology
The World Stands on Knowledge, Science & Technology
Muhammad Sheikh Ramzan Hossain
Contribution in spreading Science-Tech knowledge of the World Organizations
THE UNITED NATIONS (UN)
Establishment | |
• UN Chartre signed | 26 June 1945 (73 years ago) |
• Charter entered into force | 24 October 1945 (72 years ago) |
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international co-operation and to create and maintain international order. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II with the aim of preventing another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The headquarters of the UN is in Manhattan, New York City, and is subject to extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict. The UN is the largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world.
The UN Charter was drafted at a conference between April–June 1945 in San Francisco, and was signed on 26 June 1945 at the conclusion of the conference;[4][5] this charter took effect on 24 October 1945, and the UN began operation.
The UN has six principal organs: the General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly); the Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security); the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC; for promoting international economic and social co-operation and development); the Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN); the International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ); and the UN Trusteeship Council (inactive since 1994). UN System agencies include the World Bank Group, the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, UNESCO, and UNICEF.
The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international co-operation and to create and maintain international order. Wikipedia
Official languages: Arabic; Chinese; English; French; Russian;Spanish;
Founded: October 24, 1945, San Francisco, California, United States
Headquarters: New York City, New York, United States
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (or Global Goals for Sustainable Development) are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations Development Programme. The formal name for the SDGs is: "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development." That has been shortened to "2030 Agenda. The goals are broad and interdependent, yet each has a separate list of targets to achieve. Achieving all 169 targets would signal accomplishing all 17 goals. Paragraph 54 of United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/70/1 of 25 September 2015 contains the goals and targets. The UN-led process involved its 193 Member States and global civil society. The resolution is a broad intergovernmental agreement that acts as the Post-2015 Development Agenda. The SDGs build on the principles agreed upon in Resolution A/RES/66/288, entitled "The Future We Want" This was a non-binding document released as a result of Rio+20 Conference held in 2012.
· Goal No. 4: Quality Education
· "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all."
· Major progress has been made in access to education, specifically at the primary school level, for both boys and girls. Still, at least 22 million children in 43 countries will miss out on pre-primary education unless the rate of progress doubles.
Secretary general: António Guterres
Subsidiaries: United Nations Security Council, UNESCO
Founders: United States of America, India, Syria, Brazil, Turkey.
Education and technology
Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are free open education offered through online platforms. The (initial) philosophy of MOOCs was to open up quality Higher Education to a wider audience. As such, MOOCs are an important tool to achieve Goal 4 ("Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all").[91]At the same time, MOOCs also contribute to Goal 5, in that they are gender neutral and can give women and girls improved access to education.
Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
"Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation".
Manufacturing is a major source of employment. In 2016, the least developed countries had less "manufacturing value added per capita". The figure for Europe and North America amounted to US$4,621, compared to about $100 in the least developed countries. The manufacturing of high products contributes 80 percent to total manufacturing output in industrialized economies but barely 10 percent in the least developed countries.
Mobile-cellular signal coverage has improved a great deal. In previously "unconnected" areas of the globe, 85 percent of people now live in covered areas. Planet-wide, 95 percent of the population is covered.[49]
Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
"Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels."
The International Community values peace and justice and calls for stronger judicial systems that will enforce laws and work toward a more peaceful and just society. By 2017, the UN could report progress on detecting victims of trafficking. More women and girls than men and boys were victimized, yet the share of women and girls has slowly declined. In 2004, 84 percent of victims were females and by 2014 that number had dropped to 71 percent. Sexual exploitation numbers have declined, but forced labor has increased.
However, reliance on the indicator of "crimes reported" makes monitoring and achieving this goal challenging. For instance, 84 percent of countries have no or insufficient data on violent punishment of children. Of the data available, it is clear that violence against children by their caregivers remains pervasive: Nearly 8 in 10 children aged 1 to 14 are subjected to violent discipline on a regular basis (regardless of income), and no country is on track to eliminate violent discipline by 2030.
SDG 16 also targets universal legal identity and birth registration, ensuring the right to a name and nationality, civil rights, recognition before the law and access to justice and social services. With more than a quarter of children under 5 unregistered worldwide as of 2015, about 1 in 5 countries will need to accelerate progress to achieve universal birth registration by 2030.
According to the UN, "gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world" achieving gender equality will require enforceable legislation that promotes empowerment of all women and girls and requires secondary education for all girls.[33] The targets call for an end to gender discrimination and for empowering women and girls through technology. Some have advocated for "listening to girls". The assertion is that the SDGs can deliver transformative change for girls only if girls are consulted. Their priorities and needs must be taken into account. Girls should be viewed not as beneficiaries of change, but as agents of change. Engaging women and girls in the implementation of the SDGs is crucial.
UNESCO
Specialized agency
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Paris. Wikipedia
UNESCO
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
UNESCO | |
 | |
 | |
Abbreviation | UNESCO |
Formation | 4 November 1946 [1] |
Type | |
Legal status | Active |
Headquarters | Place de Fontenoy, Paris, France |
Membership | |
Head | Audrey Azoulay (Director-General of the UNESCO) |
Website | |
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO French: Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris. Its declared purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific, and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter. It is the successor of the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.
UNESCO has 195 member states and ten associate members. Most of its field offices are "cluster" offices covering three or more countries; national and regional offices also exist.
UNESCO pursues its objectives through five major programs: education, natural sciences, social/human sciences, culture and communication/information. Projects sponsored by UNESCO include literacy, technical, and teacher-training programs, international science programs, the promotion of independent media and freedom of the press, regional and cultural history projects, the promotion of cultural diversity, translations of world literature, international cooperation agreements to secure the world's cultural and natural heritage (World Heritage sites) and to preserve human rights, and attempts to bridge the worldwide digital divide. It is also a member of the United Nations Development Group.
UNESCO's aim is "to contribute to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information". Other priorities of the organization include attaining quality Education For All and lifelong learning, addressing emerging social and ethical challenges, fostering cultural diversity, a culture of peace and building inclusive knowledge societies through information and communication.
The broad goals and objectives of the international community—as set out in the internationally agreed development goals, including theMillennium Development Goals (MDGs)—underpin all UNESCO strategies and activities.
(Courtesy: https:en.wikipedia.org[wiki/UNESCO#cite_note-5)
UNESCO and its mandate for international cooperation can be traced back to a League of Nations resolution on 21 September 1921, to elect a Commission to study feasibility.[9][10] On 18 December 1925, the International Bureau of Education (IBE) began work as a non-governmental organization in the service of international educational development. However, the onset of World War II largely interrupted the work of these predecessor organizations.
After the signing of the Atlantic Charter and the Declaration of the United Nations, the Conference of Allied Ministers of Education (CAME) began meetings in London which continued from 16 November 1942 to 5 December 1945. On 30 October 1943, the necessity for an international organization was expressed in the Moscow Declaration, agreed upon by China, the United Kingdom, the United States and the USSR. This was followed by the Dumbarton Oaks Conference proposals of 9 October 1944. Upon the proposal of CAME and in accordance with the recommendations of the United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO), held in San Francisco in April–June 1945, a United Nations Conference for the establishment of an educational and cultural organization (ECO/CONF) was convened in London 1–16 November 1945 with 44 governments represented. A prominent[clarification needed] figure in the initiative for UNESCO was Rab Butler, the Minister of Education for the United Kingdom.[12] At the ECO/CONF, the Constitution of UNESCO was introduced and signed by 37 countries, and a Preparatory Commission was established.[13] The Preparatory Commission operated between 16 November 1945, and 4 November 1946—the date when UNESCO's Constitution came into force with the deposit of the twentieth ratification by a member state.[14]
UNESCO's early work in the field of education included the pilot project on fundamental education in the Marbial Valley, Haiti, started in 1947. This project was followed by expert missions to other countries, including, for example, a mission to Afghanistan in 1949.[21] In 1948, UNESCO recommended that Member States should make free primary education compulsory and universal.[22] In 1990, the World Conference on Education for All, in Jomtien, Thailand, launched a global movement to provide basic education for all children, youths and adults.[23] Ten years later, the 2000 World Education Forum held in Dakar, Senegal, led member governments to commit to achieving basic education for all by 2015.
UNESCO's early activities in culture included, for example, the Nubia Campaign, launched in 1960.[25] The purpose of the campaign was to move the Great Temple of Abu Simbel to keep it from being swamped by the Nile after construction of the Aswan Dam. During the 20-year campaign, 22 monuments and architectural complexes were relocated. This was the first and largest in a series of campaigns including Mohenjo-daro (Pakistan), Fes (Morocco), Kathmandu (Nepal), Borobudur (Indonesia) and the Acropolis (Greece). The organization's work on heritage led to the adoption, in 1972, of the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The World Heritage Committee was established in 1976 and the first sites inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1978. Since then important legal instruments on cultural heritage and diversity have been adopted by UNESCO member states in 2003 (Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage) and 2005 (Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions).
An intergovernmental meeting of UNESCO in Paris in December 1951 led to the creation of the European Council for Nuclear Research, which was responsible for establishing the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in 1954.
Arid Zone programming, 1948–1966, is another example of an early major UNESCO project in the field of natural sciences. In 1968, UNESCO organized the first intergovernmental conference aimed at reconciling the environment and development, a problem which continues to be addressed in the field of sustainable development. The main outcome of the 1968 conference was the creation of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme.
In the field of communication, the "free flow of ideas by word and image" has been in UNESCO's constitution from its beginnings, following the experience of the Second World War when control of information was a factor in indoctrinating populations for aggression. In the years immediately following World War II, efforts were concentrated on reconstruction and on the identification of needs for means of mass communication around the world. UNESCO started organizing training and education for journalists in the 1950s. In response to calls for a "New World Information and Communication Order" in the late 1970s, UNESCO established the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems, which produced the 1980 MacBride report (named after the Chair of the Commission, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate Seán MacBride). The same year, UNESCO created the International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC), a multilateral forum designed to promote media development in developing countries.[37][38] In 1991, UNESCO's General Conference endorsed the Windhoek Declaration on media independence and pluralism, which led the UN General Assembly to declare the date of its adoption, 3 May, as World Press Freedom Day. Since 1997, UNESCO has awarded the UNESCO / Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize every 3 May. In the lead up to the World Summit on the Information Society in 2003 (Geneva) and 2005 (Tunis), UNESCO introduced the Information for All Programme.
UNESCO has official relations with 322 international non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Most of these are what UNESCO calls "operational"; a select few are "formal".The highest form of affiliation to UNESCO is "formal associate", and the 22 NGOs with formal associate (ASC) relations occupying offices at UNESCO are:
Abbr | Organization |
IB | |
CCIVS | |
EI | |
IAU | |
IFTC | |
ICPHS | International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies which publishes Diogenes |
ICSU | |
ICOM | |
ICSSPE | |
ICA | |
ICOMOS | |
IFJ | |
IFLA | |
IFPA | International Federation of Poetry Associations |
IMC | |
IPA | |
INSULA | International Scientific Council for Island Development |
ISSC | |
ITI | |
IUCN | |
IUTAO | International Union of Technical Associations and Organizations |
UIA | |
WAN | |
WFEO | |
WFUCA | World Federation of UNESCO Clubs, Centres and Associations |
UNO & OIC |
The world is being built joint under UNO & OIC.
বিশ্ব ইউএনও ও ওআইসি যৌথ উদ্যোগ নির্মিত হচ্ছে।
OIC works in close collaboration with United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
COMSTECH-EMRO/WHO Research Grants Program.The Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization. (WHO/EMRO) and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Standing Committee for Science and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH) established a joint grant in 2004 to support research in EMR countries (all of which are members of OIC) in applied Biotechnology and Genomics. The overall purpose behind the initiation of the grant was to promote research, encourage networking, generate new
knowledge and stimulate the application of biotechnology and genomic driven interventions in health care.
The first call for EMRO-COMSTECH Grant was made in late 2004 and 16 proposals from the member states were funded through the Grant. For the 2nd round of RAB&GH there was a strict condition of collaborative proposals. Therefore, only such proposals were considered eligible for EMRO-COMSTECH Grant in which investigators from two or more institutions from EMRO countries collaborated on a unified research topic pertaining to one of the priority areas specified for the Grant.
As a result, 19 proposals were funded in the region involving 8 collaborative groups each comprising 2 or 3 institutes from the same or different countries. As for the 3rd call, 14 collaborative proposals were funded, and in the 4th call 11 proposals for health research were selected.
The main aim of the EMRO-COMSTECH Grant is to focus on application of biotechnological and genomic techniques to strengthen health systems and improve health care. It is expected that the priority research areas identified for the Grant will stimulate and sustain multidisciplinary applied research to exploit the full potential of genome information to underpin applications to human health. Emphasis was put on research aimed at bringing basic knowledge to the application stage in order, to enable real, consistent and coordinated progress for improving the quality of health care in the Region. The present day genomic and biotechnological research, being interdisciplinary in nature, necessitates team work of diverse capabilities and institutional facilities.
Thus, one of the main purposes of EMRO-COMSTECH Grant is to support SouthSouth cooperation for the conduct of applied research. Normally, collaborative research requires a broad range of expertise and participants, with collaboration between researchers in other disciplines, sectors, institutions and geographic locations. However, even a modest collaboration among the researchers of two different organizations/ institutions of the EMR countries is expected to:
Synergize the process to overcome obstacles and manage inescapable interdependencies
needed for research in genomics and biotechnology;
Make services more accessible and effective;
Increase the integration of research results into other sectors (e.g., industry,
government agencies or departments, community groups, universities) and offer opportunities
to aid the dissemination of results;
Diversify capability to accomplish tasks (e.g., provide opportunities for trainees to spend time
in different laboratories, exchange of data and experience between institutions and sectors);
Foster ties between researchers in the academic, community, private and public sectors.
(31-10-18)
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation(OIC)
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation |
  Coat of arms | |
Motto: "To safeguard the interests and ensure the progress and well-being of Muslims" | |
Member states Observer states Suspended states | |
Administrative centre (Headquarters) | |
· Arabic · English · French | |
Type | Religious |
Membership | |
Leaders | |
• Secretary-General | |
Establishment | |
• Charter signed | 25 September 1969 |
Population | |
• 2011 estimate | 1.6 billion |
estimate | |
• Total | 18.6 trillion[1] |
• Per capita | $15,966[1] |
Website www.oic-oci.org | |
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation |
· Exports · Imports |
· v · t · e |
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique) is an international organization founded in 1969, consisting of 57 member states, with a collective population of over 1.3 billion as of 2009 with 47 countries being Muslim Majority countries. The organisation states that it is "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".[2]
The OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. The official languages of the OIC are Arabic, English, and French.
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation is an international organization founded in 1969, consisting of 57 member states, with a collective population of over 1.3 billion as of 2009 with 47 countries being Muslim Majority countries. Wikipedia
Founded: September 25, 1969
Membership: 57 member states
Type of business: Religious (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Major Stakeholders Meeting for Drafting Implementation Mechanism of the OIC STI Agenda 2026
December 11-12, 2017
Venue: COMSTECH Secretariat, Islamabad
Venue: COMSTECH Secretariat, Islamabad
COMSTECH, the OIC Ministerial Standing Committee on Scientific & Technological Cooperation, hosted a high level meeting of representatives of OIC member states on 11th and 12th of December, 2017 for devising an implementation strategy for the Ten Year OIC Science, Technology and Innovation Agenda. This plan was approved as the ‘STI Agenda 2026’ at the First OIC Summit on Science and Technology held earlier this year in Astana, Kazakhstan, and COMSTECH was entrusted with the responsibility to prepare its Implementation Strategy.
The major goal of the Ten Year Plan is to develop the scientific manpower and capabilities of the Islamic countries. For this purpose, the Plan envisages a range of multinational Big Science projects as well as smaller collaborative and institutional support schemes. The Big Science projects include setting up of medium sized astronomical telescope, plant gene banks, high powered computation centers and small satellites. A guiding principle of the Plan is to nurture the thinking mind by promoting the culture of Science, Technology and Innovation. The 2-billion-dollar Plan will be implemented through contributions from Member States and the Islamic Development Bank.
In the meeting thorough discussions were held on different components of the Implementation Mechanism such as composition of the Steering and Expert Committees, identification of experts, nature and extent of national contribution from member states, determining priorities in implementation and the time lines etc. Participants included delegates from Egypt, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, and representatives from OIC Secretariat and Islamic Academy of Sciences (IAS). The Chairman Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Secretary of the Ministry of Science & Technology, Chairman Pakistan Science Foundation and some other senior scientists from Pakistan also participated in the meeting.
Among other highlights were announcements of substantial funding for the Plan. Initial pledges were made by Turkey and Egypt, while Uzbekistan has announced the setting up of a 4-meter astronomical telescope. Pakistan has already announced scholarships for OIC students as part of its commitment to the plan. Several other participant including Malaysia and Saudi Arabia have agreed in principle and will announce their contributions after consultations with their bodies. Other Member States would submit details of their contributions to COMSTECH, within three months of initial call.
It was decided that monitoring of projects will be carried out by COMSTECH through various Working Groups and Thematic Advisory Groups. The meeting agreed to constitute a separate cell at COMSTECH for the effective and smooth implementation of the agenda. The decisions made in this meeting will be shared with all OIC Member States for their input and finalization within the next three months.
International Islamic Fiqh Academy, Jeddah
Organisation of the Islamic Conference International Islamic Fiqh Academy مجمع الفقه الاسلامي الدولي | |
 | |
Formation | 1981 |
Headquarters | |
Location | |
Coordinates | |
Region served | |
Official language | |
Secretary General | |
Parent organization | |
Website | |
· Exports · Imports |
· v · t · e |
Islamic Fiqh Academy (Arabic: مجمع الفقه الاسلامي الدولي) is an Academy for advanced study of Islam based in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Rsolution No.8/3-C, (I.S.) adopted by the Third Islamic Summit Conference, held in Makkah Al-Mukarramah and Taif called for the establishment of an Islamic Fiqh Academy (Jurisprudence) Academy. Besides traditional Islamic sciences, the IFA seeks to advance knowledge in the realms of culture, science, and economics.
External links[edit]
· Official site (Arabic)
 | This Saudi Arabian university, college or other education institution article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
Association or Organization
Islamic Fiqh Academy is an Academy for advanced study of Islam based in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Rsolution No.8/3-C, adopted by the Third Islamic Summit Conference, held in Makkah Al-Mukarramah and Taif called for the establishment of an Islamic Fiqh Academy Academy.Wikipedia
Address: Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah Rd, Al Faisaliyyah, Jeddah 23442, Saudi Arabia
Founded: 1981
Secretary General: Ahmad Khaled Babaker
Phone: +966 12 690 0346
Add missing information
Add business hours
Science and technology
Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ISESCO's logo.
The Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO) was founded by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in May 1979.[1] With 52 member states, ISESCO is one of the largest international Islamic organizations and specializes in the fields of education, science, and culture. Its headquarters are in Rabat, Morocco. The Director General is Dr. Abdulaziz Othman Altwaijri, also Secretary General of Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World (FUIW).
Contents
According to the OIC, ISESCO's objectives are "to strengthen and promote cooperation among the Member States in the fields of education, science culture and communication; consolidate understanding among peoples inside and outside Member State; contribute to world peace and security through various means; publicize the true image of Islam and Islamic culture; promote dialogue among civilizations, cultures and religions; encourage cultural interaction and foster cultural diversity in the Member States, while preserving cultural identity and intellectual integrity."[2]
ISESCO appoints an Islamic cultural capital of Asia, the Arab region and Africa, for each year. During the appointments for 2017, Deputy Director General Dr. Amina Al-Hajri explained that an Islamic cultural capital "must primarily be of documented historical authenticity, have an outstanding contribution to knowledge and learning that singles it out in the country and the region, a significant input in Islamic culture, and human culture in general." The three cities that are bearing the capital for 2017 are Mashhad, Iran for Asia, Amman, Jordan for the Arab region and Kampala, Uganda for Africa.[3][4]
First science and Technology OIC Summit
First science and Technology OIC Summit
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) held its first science and technology summit at the level of head of state and government in Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan, on 10–11 September 2017.
Astana Summit was a historic milestone as it unified a collective position at the highest levels of decision-making in OIC Member States with a view to advancing the different fields of science, technology and innovation, while emphasizing the Muslim world’s resolve to promote scientific and technical development.
The Summit underscored the Member States’ support for scientific fields by demonstrating the Muslim world’s knowledge contributions away from the negative stereotypes that have become widespread recently.
The Summit is also of significance considering that Muslims constitute a quarter of the world population and their countries possess abundant natural resources, although many Islamic countries still suffer poverty and diseases. It is therefore imperative to address these challenges using available resources, especially as this Summit is only the starting point for finding solutions to the countless problems facing the Muslim world using science and technology. Statistics have shown that OIC Member States are below the 2016 innovation index general rate standing at 36.9, particularly in the areas of space, information technologies, pharmaceutical industries and electronics. Muslim countries, however, have a large youth population; a situation that imposes more challenges but also offers greater opportunities. The Summit could contribute to combating extremism and terrorism by reducing unemployment rates and attracting the youth to work in scientific and technological fields. It is worth mentioning that Member States’ interest in the areas of science and technology started since the 10th Islamic Summit held in Malaysia in 2003, the 3rd Extraordinary Islamic Summit in Makkah Al-Mukarramah which adopted the OIC 10-Year Programme of Action, and the 13th Islamic Summit Conference held in Istanbul in 2016, which launched the 2nd 10-Year Programme of Action 2016-2025. The 12th Islamic Summit held in Cairo in 2013 had mandated the OIC General Secretariat and the Standing Committee for Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH) to organize the first Islamic summit on science and technology in the history of the OIC. All those summits emphasized the need to attach importance to the areas of science, technology and innovation for the development of socio-economic sectors in OIC countries.
Astana Declaration[edit]
The Astana Declaration is a policy guidance adopted by OIC members at the Astana Summit. The Astana Declaration commits members to increase investment in science and technology, education, eradicate extreme poverty, and implement UN Sustainable Development Goals.[39]
The Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (ISESCO), located in Rabat, Morocco
The Islamic University of Technology, located in Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
https://www.isesco.org.ma/ISESCO_Technology_Vision/
"ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology", formerly known as "ISESCO Science & Technology Vision",from May 2005 to May 2011, is the official journal of ...
ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology
ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology is the official journal of ISESCO Centre for Promotion of Scientific Research (ICPSR), affiliated to the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO). The journal seeks to promote and disseminate knowledge of various topics in the fields of Science, Technology and Innovation. It presents to the international community important results of works in the fields of Biotechnology, Agriculture, Information Technology, GIS and Remote Sensing, Water Management, Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, Renewable Energy, Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development.
The journal also aims to help researchers, scientists and scientific institutions, to keep abreast with recent developments in scientific fields, in theory and applications, and provide solutions to current scientific issues in the world.
Through this journal, ISESCO is seeking to enhance communication between scientists and researchers from ISESCO Member States, while offering them an efficient medium to be known and recognized by the international scientific community. It is a platform for the exchange of knowledge and expertise to stimulate Scientific Research and strengthen the capacity of researchers in ISESCO Member states.
The Journal is published twice a year (in May and November) under the eISSN 2351-8340 and Print ISSN 2028-8077. It accepts original papers in the form of full technical papers, technical note, research studies and review papers in the fields of Science and Technology. All submitted papers are subject to review by highly qualified reviewers.
· HOME
· OVERVIEW
· PROGRAMS
· JOURNAL
The ISESCO Center for Promotion of Scientific Research -ICPSR- launch each year a call for papers in the fields of:Biotechnology, Agriculture, Information Technology, GIS and Remote Sensing, Water Management, Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, New and Renewable Energies, Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development.
Researchers (senior professors, young scientists, engineers, graduate students…) are kindly requested to submit their papers in English language. The studies for publication are free of charge and it will be published in the forthcoming issue of the ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology, a peer-reviewed journal published biannually (in May and November).
Researchers have to specify in which field they categorize their paper. They will be informed about the decision of their paper within 8 weeks from submission. Following acceptance, the paper will normally be published in the next issue of the Journal.
Researchers have to specify in which field they categorize their paper. They will be informed about the decision of their paper within 8 weeks from submission. Following acceptance, the paper will normally be published in the next issue of the Journal.
«ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology», is an online, open access and international journal. The electronic version is available on ICPSR website: http://www.science4innovation.org.
Papers can be submitted to : icpsr@isesco.org.ma or ijst@science4innovation.org . Necessary instructions for authors are available on the following documents :
"ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology", formerly known as "ISESCO Science & Technology Vision",from May 2005 to May 2011, is the official journal of ...
ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology
ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology is the official journal of ISESCO Centre for Promotion of Scientific Research (ICPSR), affiliated to the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO). The journal seeks to promote and disseminate knowledge of various topics in the fields of Science, Technology and Innovation. It presents to the international community important results of works in the fields of Biotechnology, Agriculture, Information Technology, GIS and Remote Sensing, Water Management, Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, Renewable Energy, Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development.
The journal also aims to help researchers, scientists and scientific institutions, to keep abreast with recent developments in scientific fields, in theory and applications, and provide solutions to current scientific issues in the world.
Through this journal, ISESCO is seeking to enhance communication between scientists and researchers from ISESCO Member States, while offering them an efficient medium to be known and recognized by the international scientific community. It is a platform for the exchange of knowledge and expertise to stimulate Scientific Research and strengthen the capacity of researchers in ISESCO Member states.
The Journal is published twice a year (in May and November) under the eISSN 2351-8340 and Print ISSN 2028-8077. It accepts original papers in the form of full technical papers, technical note, research studies and review papers in the fields of Science and Technology. All submitted papers are subject to review by highly qualified reviewers.
Contact Info
Avenue des F.A.R , Hay Ryad, PO Box 2275 PC Code 10104 – Rabat – Kingdom of Morocco
http://www.science4innovation.org
ABOUT IJST
"ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology", formerly known as "ISESCO Science & Technology Vision",from May 2005 to May 2011, is the official journal of ISESCO Centre for Promotion of Scientific Research (ICPSR), affiliated to Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO). Since 2005, the Journal is published twice a year (in May and November).
The Journal accepts original papers in the form of full technical papers, technical note*, data bank**and review papers*** in the fields of: Biotechnology, Agriculture, Information Technology, GIS and Remote Sensing, Water Management, Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, Renewable Energy, Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development. All submitted papers are subject to review by highly qualified reviewers in the field...read more
Volume 12 / Number 22
Volume 12 / Number 21
Online ISSN : 2351-8340Print ISSN : 2028-8077
Rabat:02/01/2018
23rd Issue of ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology released
23rd issue of the biannual ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology, published by ISESCO Center for Promotion of Scientific Research (ISCPSR), has been released. The issue contains scientific articles by researchers from the following countries: Yemen, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Pakistan.
The Journal, issued in English, accepts scientific papers by scientists and researchers from the Islamic world on medicine, biotechnology, information technology, chemistry, geology, water management, agronomy, environmental protection and renewable energy.
The digital version of the issue is available at:
http://www.science4innovation.org/index.php/awada_team/journal-23/
The Journal, issued in English, accepts scientific papers by scientists and researchers from the Islamic world on medicine, biotechnology, information technology, chemistry, geology, water management, agronomy, environmental protection and renewable energy.
The digital version of the issue is available at:
http://www.science4innovation.org/index.php/awada_team/journal-23/
COMSTECH Contribution to S&T Capacity Building in OIC member states
- COMSTECH Report (I) on Science Publications of OIC Member States
The work on the Science Profile is in progress. Part Ⅰ covers eight OIC countries.
The first seven countries are in order of the total volume of the published scientific research in 2014 to 2016, while Kazakhstan is covered as the host country of the 1st OIC Summit on Science and Technology.
The first seven countries are in order of the total volume of the published scientific research in 2014 to 2016, while Kazakhstan is covered as the host country of the 1st OIC Summit on Science and Technology.
(We welcome your feedback & comments at mjamil@comstech.org)
OIC Ministerial Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH)
(For Contribution to S&T Capacity Building in OIC member states).
33-Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
Detailed information on the activities of COMSTECH can be obtained by visiting
COMSTECH, the Ministerial Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation of the OIC(Organization of Islamic Cooperation) established by the Third Islamic Summit of OIC held at Makkah, Saudi Arabia in January 1981. The President of Pakistan is Chairman of COMSTECH. The core mandate of COMSTECH is to strengthen cooperation among OIC Member States in science and technology (S&T), and enhance their capabilities through training in emerging areas, undertake follow-up-actions and implementation of the resolutions of the OIC, and to draw up programs and submit proposals designed to increase the capability of the Muslim countries in science and technology (S&T). The ultimate aim is to build and nourish a scientific culture in addition to using S&T as a major contributor to socio-economic development and rapid industrialization.
The objectives of COMSTECH include
I. Assessment of human and material resources of Member States and identification of scientific and technological needs and requirements of the Ummah,
II. Building indigenous capabilities of Member States in the fields of science and technology through cooperation and mutual assistance,
III. Enhancement of cooperation and coordination in scientific and technological fields amongst the OIC member states with a view to achieving collective competence in science and technology for solution of the problems of the OIC member states,
and
IV. Creation of an effective institutional structure for planning, research, development and monitoring of scientific and technological activities at national, regional, and international levels.
Executive Summary
The OIC Ministerial Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH) was established by the Third Islamic Summit held at Makkah, Saudi Arabia, in January 1981. Behind its set-up were the objectives toundertake follow up actions and implementation of the OIC resolutions, and to contribute towards strengthening the science and technology (S&T) capacity of the OIC member states through mutual cooperation, collaboration and networking ofresources. Since its inception, COMSTECH has taken many initiatives for the promotion of S&T in the OIC member states. Some of these programmes include research grants, training courses, travel support, institution building, establishment of Inter-IslamicNetworks, Literature Search Service, etc. It also initiated a number of other activities
summarized in Section 4 of this document. One of these is the establishment of COMSTECH Science, Technology & Innovation (STI) Policy Research Training Centre in 2006.
A major focus of COMSTECH has been on human resource development. Through joint research grants programmes with International Foundation for Science (IFS), Islamic Scientific, Educational and Cultural Organization (ISESCO), The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), The Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WHO/EMRO), and Inter-Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management (INWRDAM), COMSTECH has awarded US$ 6.596 million to 660 projects during 1998-2017. Figure 1 gives details of the grants to various OIC member states, and Figure 2 depicts year-wise distribution of
these grants. Fig.1. Joint reaserach grants of COMSTECH with EMRO-WHO, IFS, ISESCO, TWAS and INWRDAM awarded during 1998-2017 to various OIC member states. In parentheses are numbers of the projects supported.
COMSTECH initiated a program of offering training courses/thematic workshops in 2006. Under this, 74 courses were organized in cutting edge fields of S&T and trained 2,078 participants from 32 OIC member states. Some 637 experts, including 195 from abroad, volunteered to act as resource persons. In parallel with this series of thematic workshops, the STI Centre of COMSTECH also organized regular training courses and workshops spanning 3 days to 4 weeks. Since 2006, 23 of these trained 680 participants including 278 from OIC member states. The 145 resource persons who conducted these training courses included 67 experts from
abroad. Along with these workshops and training courses, COMSTECH also organized three
international conferences.
COMSTECH works in close collaboration with various Standing Committees and other organs of the OIC, Member States of the OIC and their major Scientific and Technological Institutions, in addition to some international organizations. The latter include The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Islamic Scientific, Educational and Cultural Organization (ISESCO), Islamic World Academy of Sciences (IAS), Islamic Development Bank (IDB), Global Environment Facility (GEF), United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), International Foundation for Science, Stockholm (IFS), Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WHO–EMRO). In addition protocols are being prepared for collaboration with the Lindau Council and IIASA in the EU.
Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences in America is the Virginia-based American satellite campus of Saudi Arabia's Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University[1]
The Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences in America (IIASA) was established in 1988 as a nonprofit organization in Fairfax, Virginia. It is a satellite of Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,[1]
IIASA is funded by, and serves as an arm of, the Saudi embassy's Religious Affairs Department. The Institute's Board Chairman is the former Saudi ambassador to America (from 1983 to 2005), Prince Bandar Bin Sultan.[1]
According to Stephen Schwartz, IIASA has been a major center for Saudi-sponsored Islamic outreach in America, training imams for local mosques in addition to at least 75 Muslim lay chaplains for service in the U.S. armed forces. Its 400 students pay no tuition. In late 2002, Ali al-Ahmed, a prominent Saudi dissident then based in Washington, DC, charged that IIASA, in its instruction on Islam, hewed to an ultra-radical line.[2]
On December 22, 2003, Senator Charles Grassley of the Senate Finance Committee included IIASA in a list of U.S.-based, Saudi-established nonprofits and charities suspected of laundering funds used for terrorism.[3]
In January 2005 the US State Department revoked the diplomatic visas of 16 staffers at the IIASA. According to U.S. and Saudi officials it was "part of the attempt" by the US and Saudi Arabia "to curb the spread of extremist Islamic rhetoric" in the US and "ensure that all Saudi Embassy employees are engaged in legitimate diplomatic activity." [4]
Controversial Saudi cleric and professor at Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Abd Al-Aziz Fawzan Al-Fawzan, taught at IIASA for a while.[5]
Institute of Islamic Sciences, Satra Meel, Bhara Kahu, Islamabad
University in Islamabad, Pakistan
Address: Murree Rd, Phulgran, Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory 622, Pakistan
Phone: +92 51 2166005
The Institute of Islamic Sciences Islamabad is a registered trust which has been working continuously for the above goals since 1986.
The main campus of the institute is located near the 17 mile toll plaza on the main Murree Highway, over an area of more than 9 acres.
The Institute is essentially a religious university where scholars additionally equipped with modern education are produced.
It is simultaneously affiliated with both the Wifaq ul Madaris Al Arabiyya Pakistan and Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Islamabad.
The Institute teaches all levels from grade 6 to graduation (modern syllabus) and ‘mutawassita’ (middle) to ‘daura e hadith’ (masters degree), in parallel.
Before grade 6, classes for the memorization of the Holy Quran are conducted for students having cleared primary school.
International Institute of Islamic Science
“We create value for Scientific Research”
· PROGRAMS
· JOURNAL
The ISESCO Center for Promotion of Scientific Research -ICPSR- launch each year a call for papers in the fields of:Biotechnology, Agriculture, Information Technology, GIS and Remote Sensing, Water Management, Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, New and Renewable Energies, Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development.
Researchers (senior professors, young scientists, engineers, graduate students…) are kindly requested to submit their papers in English language. The studies for publication are free of charge and it will be published in the forthcoming issue of the ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology, a peer-reviewed journal published biannually (in May and November).
Researchers have to specify in which field they categorize their paper. They will be informed about the decision of their paper within 8 weeks from submission. Following acceptance, the paper will normally be published in the next issue of the Journal.
Researchers have to specify in which field they categorize their paper. They will be informed about the decision of their paper within 8 weeks from submission. Following acceptance, the paper will normally be published in the next issue of the Journal.
«ISESCO Journal of Science and Technology», is an online, open access and international journal. The electronic version is available on ICPSR website: http://www.science4innovation.org.
Papers can be submitted to : icpsr@isesco.org.ma or ijst@science4innovation.org . Necessary instructions for authors are available on the following documents :
· HOME
· OVERVIEW
· PROGRAMS
· JOURNAL
OIC, 1st Summit on Science &Technology, Kazakhstan
·
OIC, 1st Summit on Science &Technology, Kazakhstan
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) holds its first Science and Technology Summit at the level of heads of state and government in Astana, Kazakhstan on September 10 -11.
Astana Summit will witness a historic milestone as it will evolve a unified collective position at the highest levels of decision-making in OIC member states with a view to advancing the different fields of science, technology and innovation, while emphasizing the Muslim world’s resolve to promote scientific and technical development.
Astana Summit will witness a historic milestone as it will evolve a unified collective position at the highest levels of decision-making in OIC member states with a view to advancing the different fields of science, technology and innovation, while emphasizing the Muslim world’s resolve to promote scientific and technical development.
The summit is important as it underscores the member states’ support for scientific fields by demonstrating the Muslim world’s knowledge contributions away from the negative stereotypes that have become widespread recently.
The summit is also of significance considering that Muslims constitute a quarter of the world population and their countries possess abundant natural resources, although many Islamic countries still suffer poverty and diseases.
It is therefore imperative to address these challenges using available resources, especially as this summit is only the starting point for finding solutions to the countless problems facing the Muslim world using science and technology.
Statistics have shown that OIC member states are below the 2016 innovation index general rate standing at 36.9, particularly in the areas of space, information technologies, pharmaceutical industries and electronics.
Muslim countries, however, have a large youth population; a situation that imposes more challenges but also offers greater opportunities. The summit could contribute to combating extremism and terrorism by reducing unemployment rates and attracting the youth to work in scientific and technological fields.
OIC member states’ interest in the areas of science and technology started since the 10th Islamic Summit held in Malaysia in 2003, the 3rd Extraordinary Islamic Summit in Makkah which adopted the OIC 10-Year Program of Action, and the 13th Islamic Summit Conference held in Istanbul in 2016, which launched the 2nd 10-Year Program of Action 2016-2025.
The 12th Islamic Summit held in Cairo in 2013 had mandated the OIC General Secretariat and the Standing Committee for Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH) to organize the first Islamic summit on science and technology in the history of the OIC.
All those summits emphasized the need to attach importance to the areas of Science, Technology and Innovation for the development of socioeconomic sectors in OIC countries.
Source: http://www.ummid.com
Details of this activity are shown
in Figure 3.
COMSTECH has published Mineral, Health & Medical, Food & Agriculture, and Industrial
profiles of OIC member states. It has produced monographs on Climate Change, Energy Strategies for OIC, World Trade Organization & OIC, Bioinformatics, and compiled Model Biosafety Guidelines and Islamic Biomedical Ethics. Books on Status of Scientific Research
in OIC, Strategy for the Development of S&T in Islamic countries, Science and Technology Policy for Industrialization, Leading Scientists and Engineers of OIC, and World Islamic Calendar have been published. COMSTECH has also compiled a 16 volume Directory of Active Scientists of the OIC member states.
3
COMSTECH
Introduction
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Ministerial Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH) was established in 1981under the chairmanship of the President of Pakistan. The Committee was mandated to undertake follow-up-actions and implementation of the resolutions of OIC, to study all possible means of strengthening cooperation among member states, and to draw up programs and submit proposals designed to increase the capability of the Muslim countries in science and technology (S&T). Also, it was entrusted to enable the OIC member states to use S&T and innovation as a major contributor to socio-economic development and rapid industrialization.
The objectives of COMSTECH include (i) Assessment of human and material resources of the member states and determination of scientific and technological needs and requirements of the Ummah, (ii) Building of indigenous capabilities of member states in the fields of science and technology through cooperation and mutual assistance, (iii) Promotion of continuing cooperation and coordination in scientific and technological areas amongst the OIC member states with a view to achieving collective strength in science and technology for solution of the problems of the OIC member states, and (iv) Creation of an effective institutional structure for planning, research, development and monitoring of scientific and technological activities at national, regional, and international levels.
COMSTECH functions in collaboration with member states of the OIC and maintains working relations with all their major Scientific and Technological Institutions, as well as some other international organizations. The latter include The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Islamic Scientific, Educational and Cultural Organization (ISESCO), Islamic World Academy of Sciences (IAS), Islamic Development Bank (IDB), Global Environment Facility (GEF), United Nations Education Program (UNEP), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), International Foundation for Science, Stockholm (IFS), etc.
COMSTECH endeavors to take new initiatives to achieve its aims and objective. This report gives a comprehensive account of COMSTECH Programs and activities for capacity building in S&T, ultimately aimed at socio-economic development of the OIC member states. It gives detailed information on the progress of research grants, workshops, training courses and travel grants. Summary of other initiatives has also been given so that the reader can have an in-depth insight of COMSTECH programmes and achievements.
COMSTECH Inter-Islamic S&T Networks on i) Oceanography; ii) Bio-Technology; iii) Tropical Medicine; iv) Water Resources; v) Space Sciences and; vi) Renewable
Energy Sources were established by the Third meeting of COMSTECH held on 19-
22 November 1986 in Islamabad, Pakistan.
The Inter-Islamic S&T Network on Bio-Saline Agriculture and Inter-Islamic Network on Information Technology were established by the Tenth General Assembly of COMSTECH held on 16-18 February 2002 in Islamabad, Pakistan Three Inter-Islamic S&T Networks on i) Science & Technology Parks, ii) Virtual Universities and iii) Nano-technology were commissioned recently in Iran are the newest institutions that have started to function more than a year ago therefore they are still in the teething phase.
COMSTECH Inter-Islamic S&T Networks held seminars, workshops, and support
research projects to bring scientific community of the OIC region closer together.
Thus, COMSTECH Inter-Islamic S&T Networks held a number of events either in collaboration with Islamic Development Bank or with their own resources. The yearwise activities of Inter-Islamic Networks are enlisted under section F.
In the above list the networks enlisted from number 10 to 13 have been suspended due to their poor performance.
C. Islamic World Academy of Sciences
Islamic World Academy of Sciences (IAS) located in Amman, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an important COMSTECH institution that is non-political, nongovernmental, independent body, comprising of eminent scientists committed and dedicated to the promotion of science and technology in the OIC region. Islamic Academy of Sciences functions under the Patronage of the President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan and His Royal Highness Prince Al Hassan bin Talal of Jordan.
Islamic World Academy of Sciences is a premier institution that has so far arranged Seventeen annual thematic conferences. Of the total contribution of US$763,000 provided by COMSTECH to IAS, US$35,000 was provided during 2010-2011.
D. COMSTECH Directory of Active Scientists in OIC Member States and their Recent Scientific Publications Activated during the biennium of 1996-1997, the project has continued to move forward despite of resource limitations. This massive publication comprises of internationally abstracted information in agriculture, biology, chemistry, environmental sciences, and medical technology from thousands of scientific journals arranged according to fields and sub fields offering library search facility. On account of its wide acceptability and active role that the publication is now playing in creating joint programs and collaborations among the OIC scientific community, the Directory of Active Scientists is accepted as a major resource by the research community of the OIC scientists. COMSTECH had completed 16 volumes (21,997 pages) and covering research publication of scientists from fifty-seven Member States of OIC. This massive database is now available on http://www.comstech.org with electronic search facility.
E. Establishment of Biotechnology Information Centers (BICs) in OIC Member States
The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA) is a small, responsive, non-bureaucratic, international network. Its centers analyze the needs of the region's resource-poor farmers, and identify biotechnology applicationssuitable for transfer to developing nations. In addition, the centers manage biotechnology knowledge sharing activities at their respective regions. ISAAA also cooperates in establishing Biotechnology Information Centers to help initiate multidisciplinary research and enhance the awareness and appreciation of biotechnology at the local and international levels. OIC has many universities, which offer various degrees in biotechnology. However, there is a serious lack of appreciation of biotechnology at the public and industrial levels. Therefore, coordination and exchange of information among institutions and practitioners ofbiotechnology is less than adequate. Consequently, there is a need of resource center in many OIC Member States, which can serve to disseminate information, to support the collaborative efforts and to develop a network of institutions and Individuals working in this field.
To push forward the idea of establishing resource centers in selected OIC member states the Coordinator General allocated US$100,000 over a period of five years to help establish these centers. Through COMSTECH’s assistance a number of BICS have already been established. Thus, resource center in Pakistan (PABIC) is fully functional and Iran Biotechnology Information Centre (IrBIC) has officially been inaugurated by for former President of Islamic Republic of Iran, Mr. Akbar Hashmi Rafsanjani. Initial work on Turkish Biotechnology Information Centre (TrBIC) hasbeen recently completed. COMSTECH has already made available US$40,000 towards this program.
F. COMSTECH Financial Assistance towards Seminars/ Conferences/
Workshops/Symposia
COMSTECH is an active supporter of scientific events including seminars,
workshops, symposia, training programs and conferences throughout the OIC
region. The support is available to scientific community on merit and on availability
of funds. Since 1996 COMSTECH supported the following events:
9. COMSTECH Thematic Workshops Program
The Coordinator General of COMSTECH in 2006 conceived the idea to offer thematic symposia, training courses and training courses in frontier technologies. The ultimate aim behind it was to build capacity of young scientists in the Islamic world, and to develop strategies to find solutions
through the applications of advanced technologies. These strategies are hoped to provide guidance and prescribed agenda of research for various university laboratories and Research and Development organizations. Initially, the main thrust of the proposed program was on emerging sciences and technologies under the broad umbrella of biotechnology, with the main outcome directed towards research programs geared to impact national economies. The first phase of this program started in August 2006, and was completed in June 2009. The total cost in this phase
amounted to US$ 0.566 million. The program was jointly sponsored by COMSTECH and the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.Originally, it was planned to organize 10 thematic training courses to benefit 200 researchers over a period of two years. The project was later revised and extended till June 2009 and, instead, 19 international training courses were offered within the same budget. Resource persons from Australia, Bangladesh, China, Cuba, Germany, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, U.A.E., U.K., and U.S.A., made themselves available to train 447 scientists from 23 OIC member states. In addition a number of resource persons from Pakistani universities and institutes who were actively involved in research were also invited to conduct training sessions. It is worth mentioning that all presentations given in each training course are put on COMSTECH website (www.comstech.org) for one month for the benefit of all concerned in the OIC.
Looking at the success of the training courses, COMSTECH decided to revive the program in 2011. During this phase, 55 courses have been organized to-date at a cost of US$ 0.378 million. These training courses covered broad areas of Science and Technology, and have brought together a large number of young scientists from OIC member states to update their knowledge and develop future collaborations.The 55 training courses of this phase were attended by 1,631 participants from 32countries, from Afghanistan, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Cameroon, China, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Libya, Malaysia, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE and Uganda. They were trained by 195 resource persons from Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Morocco, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, and 442 from Pakistan.
10. BRIEF SUMMARY OF OTHER COMSTECH INITIATIVES
In addition to the above detailed programs, COMSTECH has been engaged in a number of other S&T activities. These are briefly dealt with in the following.
A. COMSTECH Cooperation Program with the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) organizes the annual Khwarizmi International Award (KIA). The aim of this award is to acknowledge the efforts by researchers, innovators and inventors, both in Iran and abroad and to appreciate their invaluable achievements and contributions to various fields of science and technology. COMSTECH has been contributing US$5000/- annually towards this program since Twelfth Khwarizmi International Award and has so far contributed US$65,000 to IROST. B. COMSTECH Inter-Islamic Networks Program. In its institution-building program, COMSTECH has established the Islamic World Academy of Sciences headquartered in Amman, Jordan and thirteen Inter-Islamic Networks on
1. Space Sciences and Technology (ISNET), Karachi, Pakistan
2. Water Resources Development & Management (INWRDAM), Aman, Jordan
3. Oceanography (INOC), Izmir, Turkey
4. Tropical Medicine (INTROM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
5. Information Technology (INIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
6. Biosaline Agriculture (INBA), Dubai, UAE
7. Virtual Universities (CINVU), Tehran, Iran
8. Science and Technology Parks (INSTP), Rasht, Iran
9. Nano-Technology (INN), Tehran, Iran
10. Environment (INE), Khartoum, Sudan
11. Veterinary Science Research (INVSR), Khartoum, Sudan
12. Renewable Energy Sources (INRES), Niamey, Niger
13. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (INOGEB), Cairo, Egypt
6. Lindau Nobel Laureate, German
The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings were started under the patronage of former German President Horst Köhler, and are funded by the Robert Bosch Stiftung and the Bunderministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit. Participation in the meetings is highly prestigious and it is a unique opportunity for most promising young scientists to enhance their knowledge, establish new contacts and discuss relevant topics. Currently about 600 highly talented young scientists attend these meetings every year.
The Lindau Meetings provide a globally recognized forum and more than 200 Nobel Laureates are Members of Founders’ Assembly for the transfer of knowledge between generations of scientists, about 30 Nobel Laureates convene at Lindau to meet the next generation of scientists. The most exciting feature of the event is Lectures by Nobel Laureates on current scientific topics and relevant fields of research of the future. In panel discussions, seminars, and various events of the social programme, young researchers nominated by a worldwide network of Academic Partners like COMSTECH get the opportunity to directly interact with Nobel Laureates and benefit from their lectures. COMSTECH nominates 20 candidates for meetings on Natural Sciences and 15 candidates for meeting on Economics held at Lindau, under the agreement signed between COMSTECH and Lindau Council of Nobel Laureates in 2015. Final selection of candidates is made by scientific review panel of the Nobel Laureate Meetings. The scientific programme of each Lindau Meeting is based on the principle of dialogue. The different sessions – lectures, discussions, master classes, and panel discussions – are designed to activate the exchange of knowledge, ideas, and experience between and among Nobel Laureates and young scientists.
Applicants who have successfully mastered the application process undoubtedly represent the emerging generation of leading scientists and researchers. Apart from taking the one-time chance to participate in a Lindau Meeting, these young scientists become part of a special community – a network of excellence. As alumni of the Lindau Meetings, former participants stay connected with each other and become ambassadors of the scientific dialogue fostered by the Lindau Meetings. In order to participate in a meeting, they have to pass a multi-step application and selection process. The participants are recruited among: i) under-graduate students, ii) master and
doctoral students, and iii) young post-doctoral scientists in both meetings. The process of application and selection is administered with the web-based system NAPERS. It is intended to have a good balance between these three groups:
i. Undergraduate students, who exhibit a solid general knowledge in physiology or medicine have done some practical work and/or have laboratory experience.
ii. Master and doctoral students, who show excellent academic accomplishments and have produced some very good research work and/or are in medical clinical training.
iii. Postdoctoral scientists, who have up to 5 years of postdoctoral experience
(optimum about 2-3 years after doctoral degree), have published results of their own scientific research in peer-reviewed journals, preferably as first author, and have presented their work at international scientific meetings, preferably as lecturers. Eligibility: Candidates with the following selection criteria are eligible to participate in the meetings:
Must not be older than 35 years of age or younger at the time of meeting.
Be fluent in English and capable of active participation in discussions.
Belong to the top 5% of their class.
Show a genuine interest in science and research.
Show a strong commitment to their principal field of study and to interdisciplinary work.
Who have not participated in the previous Lindau meetings
Who have not yet a permanent position (scientists with permanent position –in particular on
the professor level – will not be admitted to the meeting).
Receive strong support of their application by their academic advisor and/ or by the
international renowned scientists, through a detailed letter of recommendation, which greatly
influence the evaluation. For those in medical clinical training, two letters of recommendation
would be helpful – one from a scientist’s mentor and one from a medical mentor.
Selection: After scrutiny at COMSTECH, names of suitable candidates are to be forwarded to the Lindau Council in Germany for final decision. In view of the strict deadlines by the Lindau, nominations received after the deadlines are not entertained. The award includes economy class return air ticket and €5000 Registration Fee and Accommodation Charges per selected candidate for one week in Lindau. COMSTECH has so far supported 17 young scientists and scholars from Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, Suriname, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
7. Visiting Scientists Programme
During the biennium of 1998-1999, COMSTECH launched a program to encourage collaboration between scientists and technologists in the OIC member states. The programme involves providing air travel support to scientists who wish to carry out visits to scientific institutions in OIC member countries for at least four weeks for conducting joint research programs or for delivering a series of lectures in a selected field of research. This program was launched in 1998 and the last grant was provided in 2006. During this 9-year period twenty four scientists have been supported to visit other OIC member states for joint research work by disbursing Rs. 490,245 and US$ 8,140.
Table 9. COMSTECH Visiting Scientists
01 Dr. Khassan Karimov, Physical Technical Institute, Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe, Tajikistan: Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute for Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, N.W.F.P., Pakistan- 400
02 Dr. M. D. Khalilur Rahman, Professor, Department of Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, U. A. E. (Requested to verify)
03 i) Dr. Parvin Paslar, Assistant Professor, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran: Dr. A. Q. Khan Research, Laboratories, Biotechnology Division, Mauve Area, G-9/4, Islamabad, Pakistan.
04 i) Mr. Mustanser Jehangir, Head TIDG, NCD, Nuclear Chemistry Division, PINSTECH,
Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan: Syrian Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Damascus, Syria, 15 Sep. 1999.
05 i) Prof. Madya Dr. Saleem Mustafa, Borneo Marine Research Unit, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia: United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, U. A. E.
03 Mr. Mohammad Anwar, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan: “Protein Folding, Structure and Design” from 11-22 June 2001 in Trieste, Italy.
1. Regional Workshop on Living Resources of the Centre East Atlantic Coastline, 25-27 March
1996, Inter Islamic Network on Oceanography, Nouadhibou, Mauritania.
2. Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) October 1996 for
“Preparation of Industrial Profile of the Muslim World.”
3. Inter Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management (INWRDAM) for
Activities during the year 1996.
4. ISESCO as 50% COMSTECH’s share for Cooperative Activities in 1996 (US$25,100)
5. Islamic Academy of Sciences, Amman, Jordan, annual grant for Conferences / Printing of
Proceedings and Journals for the year 1996. (US$50,000)
6. Inter Islamic Network on Oceanography (INOC) for Activities during the year 1996, (US$5,000), 1997
7. Research in Marine Organisms from Red Sea Area, Department of Marine Chemistry, King
Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia, February 1997. (US$3,000)
9. 5th International Symposium on Advanced Materials, 21-25 September 1997, Islamabad,
Pakistan. Dr. A.Q. Khan Research Laboratories, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. (PKR.100,000)
10. Islamic Academy of Sciences, Amman, Jordan, annual grant for Conferences/Printing of
Proceedings and Journals for the year 1997. (US$50,000)
11. Regional Training Workshop on Water Conservation and Pollution Control for Vegetable Oil
Processing Industries, 6-15 July 1997, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, INWRDAM. (US$5,000)
12. Inter Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management (INWRDAM) for
Activities during the year 1997, (US$5,000/)
1998
13. Propagation of Economically Important Fruit Plants and some other Important Exotic
Ornamental Plants using Micro-propagation and other Tissue Culture Techniques, HEJ
Research Institute of Chemistry and National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic
Engineering, January 1998, (PKR1,168,000)
14. A Practical Course on Application of Genetic Engineering in Agriculture, 16-27 February 1998,
NIBGE, Faisalabad. (PKR.469,500)
15. US-Pakistan Symposium-Workshop on Silicon Technology, 8-11 March 1998, Inter Islamic
Network on Renewable Energy Resources, Islamabad. (PKR28,710)
16. IUCN Consultative Workshop on Conservation of Genetic Resources and Sustainable use in
Central Asia, 23-24 May 1998, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. (US$.5,000)
17. PASTIC Printing Press printing Charges of Selected Papers on Science and Islam, Vol. II,
1998, Dr. M.M. Qureshi, (PKR15,750)
18. ISNET International Training Course on Remote Sensing and GIS Applications, 13-21 July
1998. Inter Islamic Network on Space Sciences and Technology. (PKR500,000)
19. Inter Islamic Network on Oceanography, annual grant for activities during the year 1998, July
1998. (US$5,000)
20. 6th National Conference of Plant Scientists, 20-22 October 1998, University of Peshawar.
(PKR.30,000)
21. Training Workshop on Applications of 3-D Finite Elements in Groundwater Modeling, 2-7
November 1998, PCRWR, Islamabad. (PKR100,000)
22. International Workshop on High Tc Super conductor, 2-6 November 1998, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. (US$3,000)
136
23. Dr. Ashraf Cheema, Ministry of Labor, Manpower and Overseas Pakistan, Islamabad to Visit IDB, December 1998. (US$584)
19th Congress of Zoology, 19-21 April 1999 at NARC, Islamabad, Zoological Society of
Pakistan. (PKR30,000)
29. World Conference on Science “Science for Development” 28 June 1999, Third World Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. (US$10,000)
30. UOP-HEJRIC Second Joint Workshop on Spectroscopic Techniques, 6-10 July 1999,
University of Peshawar. (PKR30,000)
31. International Conference on “Gravitation Frontiers”, Uzbekistan, 16-21 August 1999. (Air ticket to Asghar Qadir) (PKR.20,000)
32. 6th Islamic Conference on Statistical Sciences, 27-31 August 1999, Islamic Society of
Statistical Sciences (ISOSS), Lahore. (PKR25,000)
33. 6th International Meeting of IGCP 421 North Gondwana Biogeography / Bioevent Patterns in Relation to Crustal Dynamics, 8-26 September 1999, University of Peshawar. (PKR.25,000)
34. 6th International Symposium on Advanced Materials, 19-23 September 1999, Dr. A. Q. Khan Research Laboratories, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. (PKR100,000)
35. 1st Regional conference on Magnetic and Superconductor Materials MSM 99, 27-30
September 1999, Sharif University of Technology, Iran. (US$2,000)
36. 10th National Chemistry Conference, 28-30 October 1999, Department of Chemistry, Quaid-eAzam University, Islamabad. (PKR25,000)
37. Trained a Scientist, Dr. Khurshid Zaman in Switzerland, October 1999 by providing assistance (US$5,000)
38. 7th General Conference, 21-26 November 1999, Dakar, Senegal, Third World Academy of
Sciences, Trieste, Italy. (US$3,908)
39. Islamic Academy of Sciences Council Meeting, 21-24 November 1999 Dakar, Senegal. 1999. (US$25,000)
40. Inter Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management annual grant for
activities during the year 1999. (US$5,000/)
41. Inter Islamic Network on Space Sciences and Technology (ISNET) for Activities during the year
1999, (PKR10,551)
2000
43. 6th National Symposium on Analytical and Environment Chemistry, 24-25 January 2000,
Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro. (PKR.10,000)
44. Twentieth Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 24-26 March 2000, University of the Punjab, Lahore.
(PKR.20,000)
49. 8th International Congress of “Soil Sciences by the Soil Sciences Society of Pakistan” 13-16
November 2000, Islamabad. (RKR25,000)
50. “7th National Conference of Plant Scientists” at University of Punjab, 14-16 November 2000, Lahore, (PKR25,000)
51. 10th Asian Symposium on “Medicinal Plants, Spices and other Natural Products” 18-23
November 2000 Dhaka, Bangladesh. (US$5,000)
52. Carbohydrate Modifications of P. Falciparum surface protein MSP-1, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences, Lahore March - November 2000. (PKR168,000)
53. 10th Conference of the Islamic Academy of Sciences on “Information Technology for
Development in Islamic Countries” 20-24 November 2000 Tunis, Tunisia (US$25,000)
54. Inter Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management annual grant for
activities during the year 2000 (US$5,000)
55. 13th Khwarizmi International Award, Tehran, Iran, February 2000 (US$1,000)
56. “20th Pakistan Congress on Zoology”, Department of Zoology, Sindh University, Jamshoro,
March 24-26, 2000 (PKR10,000)
57. Inter Islamic Network on Tropical Medicine, for holding conference on Traditional/Complimentary Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 13-15 November 2000
(US$1,000)
58. 1st International chemistry Conference, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, (PKR50,000)
59. 11th Conference of the Islamic Academy of Sciences on “Biotechnology and Genetic
Engineering for Development in the Islamic World” in Rabat, Morocco, 22-26 October 2001.
60. International Conference on “Bio-diversity”, Antalya, Turkey, 3-8 November 2001
61. Conference on “Economic Growth: The involvement of Biotechnology and Modern
Bioindustries” Beirut, Lebanon, 10-11 November 2001 (US$4,000)
62. Inter Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management annual grant for
activities during the year 2001 (US$5,000)
63. COMSATS-COMSTECH-SYRIAN Information Technology Centre, Damascus, Syria
(US$40,000)
64. Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, for preparing Industrial Profile of the Muslim World (US$15,000)
65. 14th Khwarizmi International Award, Tehran, Iran, February 2001 (US$5,000)
66. 7th International Symposium on “Advanced Material”, Dr. A.Q. Khan Research Laboratories,
Rawalpindi, September 2001 (PKR30,000)
68. COMSTECH Gold Medal in Computer Sciences/Information Technology, Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad December 2001 (PKR300,000)
7th Eurasia Conference on “Chemical Sciences”, Chemical Society of Pakistan, Karachi, March 2002 (US$5,000)
72. 12th IAS International Conference on “Materials Science and Culture of Science”, 14-18
October 2002, Islamabad (US$15,000)
73. Pakistan Academy of Sciences, for hosting 12th IAS International Conference on “Materials Science and Culture of Science”, 14-18 October 2002, Islamabad (PKR.1,090,500)
74. IAS workshop on “Laser Physics and its Applications” in Tunisia during 11-17 December 2002,
76. Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad for purchase of Books on “Prospects for Saline
Agriculture” from Kluwer Academic Publisher (US$1,400)
77. International Workshop on “Purchasing, Servicing and Maintenance of Scientific Equipment in Western Africa”, 5-8 November 2002, University of BUEA, Republic of Cameroon, US$5,000/-
78. 1st Installment to “Somatic hybridization of citrus to breed for Witches’ Broom Disease of Lime”, joint Research Project of Sultan Qaboos University of Oman and Agricultural University of Faisalabad, US$5,000/-
79. One day national seminar on the “Frontiers of Chemistry”, 5 November 2002, Quaid-e-Azam
University, Islamabad (PKR.20,000)
2003
80. ISNET International Workshop on “Satellite Imaging Technology and Applications”, 22-28
January 2003, Karachi, Pakistan. (PKR.150,000)
83. National Training Course on “Modern Techniques in Biotechnology” 2-7 March 2003, NIBGE, Faisalabad, (PKR. 50,000)
84. International Workshop on “Capacity Building of Science Academies” and Symposium on “Science, Religion and Values”, 5-7 March 2003, Trieste, Italy, (US$5,000)
85. First International & National Symposium on “Biotechnology” 22-23 March 2003, Centre for Advanced Studies in Biotechnology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, (PKR.25,000)
86. International Workshop on “Emerging Technologies in Manufacturing Engineering” July 10-12,2003, Rawalpindi, (PKR576,800)
88. International Workshop on “The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: Challenges and
Strategies” August 27-30, 2003, Rawalpindi, (PKR580,000)
89. 13th IAS International Conference on “Energy for Sustainable Development” and “Science for the Future of the Islamic World and Humanity”, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, 29th September-2nd October 2003 (US$25,000)
91. International Working Meeting, to review the ongoing research and development activities related to Food and Health Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa, 5-9 May 2003, Yaoundé, Cameroon, (US$1,000)
92. 3rd National Conference on “Pharmaceutical Sciences”, July 8-12, 2003, Department of
Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, NWFP, Pakistan, (PKR25,000) 2004
99. Network of Academies of Sciences in Countries of the Organization of Islamic Conference
(NASIC), Islamabad, Pakistan (PKR.500,000)
100. COMSTECH-IFS-INWRDAM (US$25,000)
101. 2nd International Congress on “Traditional Medicine & Materia Medica”, 4-7 October 2004, Tehran, Iran (US$5,000)
102. 5th International & 15th National Chemistry Conference, 24-27 November 2004, Islamabad,
Pakistan (PKR50,000)
103. 8th International Symposium on “Protein Structure Function Relationship”, 12-18 January 2005,
Karachi, Pakistan (PKR100,000)
104. International Conference on “Drug Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants”, 9-11 October 2004,
Amman, Jordan (US$5,000)
105. International Workshop on “Recombinant Single Chain Single Domain Camel Antibodies”,
Tehran, Iran (US$5,000)
106. 2nd Installment of Research Project on “Somatic Hybridization of Citrus to Bred for Witched’
Broom Disease Resistant Lime”, Sultanate of Oman, (US$5,000)
107. 1st Installment of Research Project on “Bioprospecting of Malaysian Plants”, Malaysia
(US$5,000)
2005
108. Economy Class air ticket to Irani Scientist Dr. Naheed Mojgani to attend 5th International
Biennial Conference of Pakistan Society of Microbiology, 10-15 January 2005, Karachi,
Pakistan (US$428)
109. Economy Class air ticket to Irani Scientist to attend 8th Symposium on “Analytical and
Environmental Chemistry”, 6-7 February, 2005, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
110. INWRDAM Regional Training Workshop on “Participatory Integrated Water Resources
Management”, 11-18 February 2005, Beirut, Lebanon (US$5,000)
111. Economy Class air ticket to Kazakh Student, Ms. Zhannat to complete her Research Work at HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, March 2005, Karachi, Pakistan, (PKR.118,440)
112. National conference on “The Fossil Fuels and Mineral Resources of Sindh”, 28th February to
1st March 2005, Jamshoro, Pakistan (PKR25,000)
140
113. 14th IAS International Conference on “Science, Technology and Innovation for Socio-Economic Development of OIC Member Countries: Towards Vision 1441”, 21-24 March 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, (US$25,000)
114. 1st UAE international conference on “Biological and Medical Physics” 27-30 March 2005, AlAin, United Arab Emirates (US$10,000)
115. International Conference on “Biotechnology for Salinity and Drought Tolerance in Plants”, 28-31
March 2005, Islamabad, Pakistan (PKR1,000,000).
116. (NASIC) International Conference on “Science and Technology for Socio-Economic
Development of OIC Member Countries – Developing Strategy and Action Plan”,19-20 April
2005, Islamabad, Pakistan (PKR2,234,489).
117. Registration Fee of Two Pakistani Students “Virtual Presentation Conference”, 13-15 May
2005, Badajoz, Spain (US$241)
118. International Conference on “Nanoscience and its Impact for Renewable Energy and Medicine”,
December 2005, Beirut, Lebanon (US$5,000)
119. Specialized “School of Molecular Physics”, 10-12 December 2005, Tunis, Tunisia (US$3,000)
120. Donated “10 P-IV Computers” to Ummul Khurra Institute, Dakar, Republic of Senegal(PKR208,800)
2006
122. COMSTECH-HEC-PAEC International Training Workshop on “Biosaline Agriculture
Technology”, 06-17 February 2006, NIAB, Faisalabad (PKR1,303,942)
123. Third International Conference on “Models and Methods in Fluid Mechanics”, 16-18 July 2006, Islamabad, Pakistan (US$3,000)
124. International Workshop on “Integrated Water Management”, Beirut, Lebanon (US$5,000)
125. Ninth Symposium on “Analytical and Environmental Chemistry”, 24-26 July, Baragali, Pakistan
(PKR50,000)
126. Air Tickets to 6 Scientists from Bangladesh, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia and Pakistan to attend 9th Eurasia Conference on “Chemical Sciences”, 9-13 September 2006, Ankara Turkey, (Euro 4,023)
127. COMSTECH-HEC-CIIT International mini symposium on “Nano Science & Technology”, 2-3 November 2006, Islamabad (PKR5.00,000)
12th Asian Symposium on “Medicinal Plants, Spices and Other Natural Products (ASOMPS
XII), Padang – West Sumatra, Indonesia 13-18 November 2006 (US$3,000)
130. Economy Class Air Tickets to 3 Scientists from Bangladesh, Turkey and Iran to attend
International Symposium on “Strategies for Crop Improvement against Abiotic Stresses”,
Faisalabad, Pakistan (PKR130,500) 2007
131. 20th Khwarizmi International Award, Tehran, Iran, February 2007 (US$5,000)
132. 21st Khwarizmi International Award, Tehran, Iran, February 2007 (US$5,000)
134. COMSTECH-ISESCO International Workshop on “Innovative aspects of Biotechnology and its better awareness and dissemination”, 12-14 March 2007, Islamabad, Pakistan (US$10,000)
141
135. Economy Class Air Ticket to Dr. M. Iqbal Bhanger as Key Note Speaker to attend Binational Workshop on “Chemical Sciences”, 26-29 April 2007, University of Selcuk, Konnya, Turkey
(PKR.48,000)
136. Economy Class Air Tickets to 3 Scientists from Malaysia, Turkey and United Arab Emirates to
attend International Conference on “Recent Developments in Fluid Mechanics”, July 02-04,
2007, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. (US$2,286)
137. Economy Class Air Ticket to 2 Scientists from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to attend 2nd International Symposium on “Quantum Optics” 07-09 August 2007, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(PKR76,171)
Biology CCMB, Hyderabad, India. (PKR57,830) (Visiting Scientist Program)
140. 4th International Symposium on “Biotechnology” and “1st Pakistan-China-Iran International Conference on Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biophysical Chemistry (ICBBBC 07)” 04-08
November 2007, Jamshoro, (PKR150,000).
141. International Workshop on “High-Energy Physics and Applications”, 26-28 November 2007, AlAin, UAE (US$5,000)
2008
142. “The Third International Conference on Mathematical Sciences” 3-6 March 2008, Ai-Ain, UAE (AED10,000)
143. First International Conference on “The History of Science among Muslims and Arabs: The Impacts of Islamic Science on Human Civilization”, March 24-27, 2008, University of Sharjah, UAE (US$10,000)
144. 16th IAS International Conference on “Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable
Development in the Islamic World: The Policies and Politics Rapprochement”, 25-29 August,Kazan, Tatarstan (US$25,000)
145. COMSTECH-ISESCO Training Workshop on “Integration of Information and Communication Technologies in Scientific Education”, 25-27 June 2008, Bamako, Republic of Mali
146. COMSTECH-ISESCO Training Workshop on “Legal Framework for Protecting Intellectual
Property Rights for the Benefit of Researchers and Scientists”, 28-30 July 2008, Ouagadougou,
Burkina Faso
147. INIT five-day Workshop on Bioinformatics: Current Progress and Practical Application”, 23-28 June 2008, Baku, Azerbaijan. (US$10,000)
148. COMSTECH-ISESCO-ISNET Workshop on “Satellite Technology Applications in
Communications and Remote Sensing”, 5-8 May 2008, Lahore, Pakistan (US$10,000)
2009
149. 29th Pakistan Congress of Zoology, February 24-26, 2009, Jamshoro (PKR.100,000)
150. 22nd Khwarizmi International Award, Tehran, Iran, February 2007 (US$5,000)
151. ICLS Conference, April 2009, Casablanca, Kingdom of Morocco (US$10,000)
152. Economy Class Air Tickets to three Speakers to attend 1st International Seminar on Principles
of Bio-safety, March 21, 2009, Agha Khan University Hospital, Karachi
153. International Workshop for Islamic Scholars “Islam and Biotechnology: Finding a Common
Language between Ulema and Scientists” July 14-15, 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
(US$2,000)
154. 5th International Symposium on “Biotechnology”, Jamshoro, PKR.50,000/
155. 17th International Scientific Conference on “Towards the Knowledge Society in the Islamic
World: Knowledge Production, Application and Dissemination”, 14-17 December 2009,
Selangor, Malaysia (US$25,000)
International Symposium on Vacuum
Science & Technology
Islamabad, Pakistan Nov. 2-6 1,182
6. Arab Academy of Sciences International Conference on Renewable
Energy (Travel Grant 4-persons)
$555 UAE, $1220 Malaysia , $550 Sudan
& $720 Pakistan
Lebanon Nov. 25-26 3,045
Total US$ 21,051
2011
Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi
9th International & 21st National Chemistry Conference.
Karachi, Pakistan Mar. 14-16 1,182
8. National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, “International Conference on Oils and Fats Current Tech in Oil & Facts” Sponsorship Air ticket for Keynote Speaker Dr. Husain Kara, Turkey.
Jamshoro, Pakistan Mar. 21-23 1,063
9. Zoological Society of Pakistan: 31st Pakistan Congress of Zoology. University of AJ&K,
Muzaffarabad, AJ&K/Pakistan, Apr. 19-21 591
10. Dr. Robina Shaheen
U.S. State Department Meeting: Changing Mindsets to Promote Women and Girls in Science - (Air-Ticket)United State of America Jun.12-15 1,728
11. COMSTECH-ISESCOISNET
Expert Meeting for “Development of Datasharing Platform and Technical Experience-sharing for Cost-effective Operation and Maintenance of NationalSatellite Earth Stations”Islamabad, Pakistan Jul. 12-15 11,427
12. Dr. Panjwani, Centre for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research International Workshop on Modern Technologies in Structural Biology (MTSB).University of Karachi, Pakistan
13. IAS (Islamic World Academy of Sciences) 18th Conference of the Islamic World Academy of Sciences (IAS) Doha, Qatar Oct. 22-24 25,000
Egypt
Arabian Gulf University (AGU)/Princes Al-Jawhara for
Genetic Diagnosis & Research Collaborative study on variations of Ghrelin and GHS-R gene polymorphism in insulin resistance / type 2 diabetes, in the GCC region (2010-2011)
2. Egypt US$18,000
Dr. El Rashdy M. Redwan
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI)
Alexandria Protein Research Department, GEBRI, Mubarak City, NEW Borg EL Arab. Alexandria, Egypt
Production of human recombinant anti-tetanus Fab suing high throughout of phage display and Pichia pastoris (2004-2005)
3. Egypt US$4,000
Dr. Mona K. Marei
Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Osteoporosis Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Champolion St., Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt Bioinformatics in tissue Engineering Science and Technology (2004-2005)
4. Egypt US$15000
Dr. Mohamed Abdel Hamid
10 Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo – Egypt
Use of cDNA microarray for discovery of prognostic Markers for Squamous
Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder.(2004-2005)
5. Egypt US$12,000
Dr. Hussain Khaled
National Cancer Institute, Kasr El-Eini St. Fom-Elkhalig, Cairo – Egypt
Use of immunohistochemistry to validate cDNA microarray results for
prognostic markers of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder.(2006-2007)
6. Egypt US$18000
Mohamed Abdel Hamid
10 Kasr El Aini St., National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research
Institute Cairo, Egypt
(PI name has changed as recommended by committee) Dr. Hala Hamza
hamzah@internetegypt.com
The role of selected gene mutations in the pathogenesis of congenital heart
disease in Egypt.(2004-2005)
7. Egypt US$15000
Dr. Mohamed Abdel Hamid
Viral Hepatitis Research Lab, 10 Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo Egypt
Microarray and Q-PCR analysis of the Expression of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing
Enzymes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.(2008-2009)
8
8. Egypt US$13000
Dr Hussain Khaled
Kasr El-Eini St, Fom El-Khalig, Cairo Egypt
Use of Immunohistochemistry to detect the Expression of XenobioticMetabolizing
Enzymes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2006-2007)
9. Egypt US$15000
Prof. Iman Mohamed Marzouk
Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University
Collaborative Research on Gaucher’s Disease: Genotype/ Phenotype
correlation of Gaucher’s Disease in Egypt (2010-2011)
10. Egypt US$9200
Dr. Marilys CORBEX
Centre National de l’Energie des Sciences et des
Techniques nucléaires Brest Cancer Fondation of Egypt
Collaborative study on the specific features of Breast cancer in the Eastern
Mediterranean Region: exploration of the role of genetic and viral
etiology(2010-2011)
11. Egypt US$15,000
Prof. Dr. Nevene Ramsis Wissa
Head of Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal
University, Round Road, Ismailia 41111
Association of Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphism (-607 C/A) in HCV related
hepatocellular carcinoma(2010-2011)
12. Iran US$12000
Dr. Hamideh Ofoghi
Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology
No. 71, Forsat St., Engelab Ave., P.O Box 15815/3538,Tehran, Iran
Improving human recombinant calcitonin Expression level in Transgenic
Potato Tuber by using Patatin class Promoter(2004-2005)
13. Iran US$13000
Dr. Haleh Hashemi Sohi
National Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
No. 19, Shahid Shafiee Alley, Qods St., Enghelab Ave.
P.O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
Production of pharmaceutical proteins in semi-desert plants(2004-2005)
14. Iran US$13000
Dr. Sedigheh Zakeri
Malaria Research Group, Biotechnology Department
Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
Collaborative Research: Genome Analysis of Plasmodium Falciparum for
Antimalarial Drug Monitoring in Baluchistan Iran(2006-2007)
15. Iran US$11000
Dr. Masoud Salehi
Zahidan University of Medical Sciences, Behdasht Avenue, Zahidan
Collaborative Research: Genome Analysis of Plasmodium Falciparum for
Antimalarial Drug Monitoring in Baluchistan Iran(2006-2007)
9
16. Iran US$10500
Dr. M. Hussain Sanati
Genetic Disease Department, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology
No. 15, Abbas Shafiee Alloy, Quds Street, Inqilab Avenue, Tehran
Genetic Basis of Vision Impairment (Glaucoma) in Iran(2006-2007)
US$12000
17. Iran
Dr. Navid Dinparast Djadid
Malaria Research Group, Biotechnology Dept., Pasteur Institute of Iran
Collaborating Research: Developing a molecular kit for monitoring insecticide
resistance in four major malaria vectors of Eastern Mediterranean region
(EMR).(2006-2007)
18. Iran US$6000
Zahra Zamani
Biochemistry Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran – Iran
Collaborative project on research on structural and mechanistic studies of merozoite surface protein – 1 (MSP-1) for preparation of recombinant MSP-1
malaria vaccine – The study on C19 – terminal of MSP-1.(2006-2007)
19. Iran US$12000
Dr. Sima Rafati
Pasteur Institute of Iran
Preparation of diagnostic kit using L. infantum C-terminal extension of type I
cysteine proteinase for early detection of human visceral leishmaniasis(2004-
2005)
20. Iran US$18000
Mohammad Reza Pourshafie
Pasteur Institute of Iran, Dept. of Microbiology, Tehran, Iran Molecular diagnosis of vancomycin resistant genes in enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in municipal and hospital wastewater in Iran(2004-2005)
21. Iran US$17800
Mahmood Chamankhan
Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
Proteomics analysis of immunologic infertility: detection of immunodominant
sperm surface antigens in Iranian infertile patients.(2004-2005)
22. Iran US$13000
Marjan Mohammadi
Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran
Determination of toxicity of Iranian Helicobacter pylori strains: From Gene to
Protein to Function: Application to diagnostics and patient screening.(2004-
2005)
23. Iran US$15000
Dr. Soroush Sardari
No. 69, Pasteur Ave., Pasteur Institute of Iran
10
Collaborative Research of Investigation of non-communicable diseases in
post-genomics era (2008-2009)
24. Iran US$6000
Dr. Zahra Zamani
Biochemistry Dept., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
Collaborative Research on Genetic variants of different stage specific antigen
proteins can provide diverse glycosylation substrates acting as antigenicity
determinant for vaccine against malaria-Glycosylation studies (2008-2009)
25. Iran US$15000
Mina Ebrahimi-Rad
Pasteur Institute (N:69), Pasteur Avenue, Tehran, Iran,
Collaborative "Mutator M.tuberculosis in Tehran and Rawalpindi; A
Comparative Study on Fingerprinting, Mutator Genes, and Antibiotic
Resistance Genes of the Isolates"(2008-2009)
Jordan
26. Jordan US$18000
Dr. Wail A. Hayajneh
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering,
Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030,
Irbid, Jordan 22110
Invasive Streptococcus pneumonia serotypes: genotypic and phenotypic
characteristics in North Jordan (2004-2005)
Lebanon
27. Lebanon US$13000
Dr. Hala Ghali Muhtasib American University of Beirut
Collaborative Research on the Anti-Inflammatory Anti-cancer Effects of Gallotannin in Human Colon Cancer Cells: Anti-cancer Effects of
Gallotannin(2006-2007)
28. Lebanon US$13500
Dr. Raghida Abou Merhi
Science Faculty, Section-1, Lebanese American University, Hadath.
Collaborative Research on the Anti-inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Effects of
Gallotannin in Human Colon Cancer Cells: Anti-Cancer Effects of Gallotannin
(2006-2007)
29. Lebanon US$15000
Dr Raghida Abour Mrhi, Lebanese University
Collaborative Research on the molecular mechanisms of the Anti-Cancer and
Anti-inflammatory effects of Gallotannin: Anti-inflammatory effects of
Gallotannin(2008-2009)
30. Lebanon US$15000
Dr Hala Muhtasib
Collaborative Research on the molecular mechanisms of the Anti-Cancer and
Anti-inflammatory effects of Gallotannin: Anti-inflammatory effects of
Gallotannin(2008-2009)
11
31. Morocco US$12000
Prof. Rajae El Aouad
National Institute of Hygiene, 27 Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 789
Rabbat-11400
Collaborative Research on Tuberculosis in Morocco: Evaluation of the
Performance of Antigenic Epitomic Peptides for the Development of a new test
allowing the different Diagnosis between the Active Tuberculosis and the
Latent Tuberculosis Infections (2006-2007)
32. Morocco US$3000
Prof. Ghali Iraqi
Department of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
Faculty of Medicine of Rabat, Hospital Monlay Youssef of Rabat
University Hospital, Ave Mohammed Ben Abdelllah Akkari
B.P. 1017 RP, Rabat-10,000
Tuberculosis in Morocco: Diagnosis of the active Tuberculosis when fast
Mycobacterium tuberculosis identification is negative (2006-2007)
33. Morocco US$13000
Mohammed ATTALEB
B.P. 1382 R.P. 10001- Rabat
The assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) abnormalities as
a prognostic marker in cervical cancer.(2006-2007)
34. Morocco US$15000
Meriem KHYATTI
1, Rue Abou Kacem Ez-Zahraoui, 20 100, Casablanca
The assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) abnormalities as
a prognostic marker in cervical cancer.(2006-2007)
35. Morocco US$12000
Dr. Meryem lemrani
Pasteur Institute of Morocco
Preparation of diagnostic kit using L. infantum C-terminal extension of type I
cysteine proteinase for early detection of human visceral leishmaniasis (2010-
2011)
36. Morocco US$15000
Mohammed Attaleb
B.P. 1382 R.P. 10001- Rabat
The Assessment Of Human Papillomavirus Intratypic Variants Distribution In
Normal Cytology, Intraepithelial Lesions, And Cervical Cancer In A Moroccan
Population (2008-2009)
37. Morocco US$15000
Meriem KHYATTI
1, Rue Abou Kacem Ez-Zahraoui, 20 100, Casablanca
The Assessment of Human Papillomavirus Intratypic Variants Distribution In
Normal Cytology, Intraepithelial Lesions, And Cervical Cancer In A Moroccan
Population (2010-2011)
12
38. Morocco US$13000
Abdelhamid Barakat
1 Place Louis Pasteur 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
"Collaborative Research on Investigation of non-communicable diseases in
post-genomics era " (2008-2009)
39. Morocco US$15000
Meryem Lemrani
Institut Pasteur du Maroc
Collaborative Research on: Detection, identification and molecular typing of
Leishmania tropica in Phlebotomus sergenti and skin lesions from patients in
different foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Morocco and Palestine (2010-
2011)
40. Morocco US$15000
Meriem Khyatti
Institut Pasteur du Maroc
Collaborative study on the specific features of Breast cancer in the Eastern
Mediterranean Region: exploration of the role of genetic and viral etiology
(2010-2011)
41. Morocco US$15000
Mohammad Attaleb
Centre National de l’Energie des Sciences et des Techniques nucléaires
(CNESTEN)
Collaborative study on the specific features of Breast cancer in the Eastern
Mediterranean Region: exploration of the role of genetic and viral etiology
(2010-2011)
Oman
42. Oman US$14200
Zakiya M.N. Al Lamki
Sultan Qaboos University, Dept. of Child Health
College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultanate of Oman
Social, Cultural, Legal and Ethical Issues related to Gene in a developing
country. (2004-2005)
Pakistan
43. Pakistan US$13000
Dr. Shaheen N. Khan
Senior Research Officer
Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab
87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700
Studies on the Genetic & Molecular Basis of Hearing and Vision Impairment
(2006-2007)
44. Pakistan US$11400
Dr. Syeda Azra Qamar
A-271, Sector 11/B, North Karachi, Karachi – Pakistan
Collaborating Research: Developing a molecular kit for monitoring insecticide resistance in four major malaria vectors of Eastern Mediterranean region
(EMR).(2006-2007)
13
45. Pakistan US$10000
Prof. Dr. Abdul Rauf Shakoori
School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore – Pakistan
Collaborative research on structural and mechanistic studies of merozoite
surface protein-1 (MSP-1) for preparation of recombinant MSP-I malaria
vaccine – experimental aspects.(2006-2007)
46. Pakistan US$10000
Dr. Nasiruddin
Institute of Molecular Sciences & Bioinformatics, NISBET Road, Lahore –
Pakistan
Collaborative research on structural and mechanistic studies of merozoite
surface protein-1 (MSP-1) for preparation of recombinant MSP-I malaria
vaccine – computational studies(2006-2007)
47. Pakistan US$14500
Saifullah Khan
HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-Pakistan.
Application of the biotransformation techniques to produce value added
compounds using plant cell cultures. (2004-2005)
48. Pakistan US$13000
Dr. Sheikh Riazuddin
National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Studies on the IL-8 levels and mutations in E2 and NS5A genes of Hepatitis C
virus in resistance to antiviral therapy. (2004-2005)
49. Pakistan US$15000
Prof. Dr. Abdul Rauf Shakoori
School Of Biological Sciences, University of The Punjab
New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Genetic variants of different specific antigen proteins can provide diverse
glycosylation substrates acting as antigenicity determinant for vaccine against
malaria- Cloning and expression studies(2008-2009)
50. Pakistan US$15000
Prof. Dr. Nasiruddin
Institute Of Molecular Sciences & Bioinformatics, Nisbet Road
Lahore, Pakistan
Genetic variants of different stage specific antigen proteins can provide diverse
glycosylation substrates acting as antigenicity determinant for vaccine against
malaria-Computational Studies(2008-2009)
51. Pakistan US$15000
Prof. Dr. Azra Khanum
Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (PMAS-AAUR),
Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 46300
Collaborative "Mutator M.tuberculosis in Tehran and Rawalpindi; A
Comparative Study on Fingerprinting, Mutator Genes, and Antibiotic
Resistance Genes of the Isolates (2008-2009)
14
52. Pakistan US$15000
Dr. Shaheen N. Khan
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), Lahore
Collaborative Research on Gaucher’s Disease:Molecular Genetics of
Gaucher’s Disease in Pakistan(2010-2011)
53. Pakistan US$15000
Dr. Osman Yousaf
National HIV/STI Referral Laboratory National AIDS Control Programme
(NACP)
Collaborative proposal on TB/HIV Drug resistance: characterization of
mutations associated with first and second line anti-TB drugs in patients coinfected
with HIVand TB (2010-2011)
54. Pakistan US$15000
Prof. Dr. Nasiruddin
Institute of Molecular Sciences & Bioinformatics
Anti-TB House, Oppt. Diyal Sing Library, 28-Nibet Road, Lahore
Collaborative Research Proposal on Novel anti-malarial drugs Design and
evaluation by reducing the resistance pressure induced by mutationscomputational
studies (2010-2011)
Palestine
55. Palestine US$15000
Ahmad Amro
Faculty of Pharmacy, AlQuds University
Detection, identification and molecular typing of Leishmania tropica in
Phlebotomus sergenti and skin lesions from patients in different foci of
cutaneous leishmaniasis in Morocco and Palestine (2010-2011)
Syria
56. Syria US$10500
Dr. Walid Al Ashkar
Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus
Genetic Basis of Hearing Impairment in Syrian Population (2006-2007)
57. Syria US$18000
Mouna Alkhatib
Molecular biology Lab. St. Alghassani – PHLs, Aleppo, Damascus, Syria.
Diagnosis and genotyping HCVB RNA in Syria by applying molecular biology
techniques.
Tunisia
58. Tunisia US$15300
Dr. Mohamed Mousli
Pasteur Institute of Tunisia, 13, Place Pasteur-BP 74, 1002,
Tunis- Belvedere Tunis
Green Fluorescent Recombination Antibody: novel in vitro tools for detecting
the rabies virus antigen (2004-2005)
59. Tunisia US$18000
Dr. Souha Ben Abderrazak
Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et d’Ecologie Parasitaire
13 Place Pasteur, BP74, 1002 Tunis Belvédère
Integrated biochemical, bioinformatic, genomic and molecular biology
15
approaches for the development of novel tools for the diagnosis of
leishmaniases in Humans(2004-2005)
60. Tunisia US$13000
Sonia ABDELHAK
13 Place Pasteur 1002 Tunis Tunisia
"Collaborative Research on Investigation of non-communicable diseases in
post-genomics era” (2008-2009)
2. COMSTECH-IFS Joint Research Grants Program
COMSTECH signed a MoU with IFS in 1998, for strengthening of S&T in the OIC member states. The joint Program is valuable because of the similarity of the mandates and strong common interests in capacity building of the two organizations in the field of science. The essential purpose of the collaborationis to enhance research capability within the OIC region, and to reap a rich harvest by obtaining matching grants from IFS (US$ 0.1 million/year) for OIC
scientists and institutions.This important program has financed 306 projects in various disciplines in 32 member states of the OIC. The countries supported under this Program include
Afghanistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire,Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mali,Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Senegal,Sierra Leone, Somali, Sudan, Suriname, Togo, Tunisia and Uganda. The funds jointly provided so far amount to US$ 3.291 million. Country-wise distribution of the the grants are given in the following table:
Table 3. COMSTECH-IFS grantees from 1998 to 2017
S. No. Country No. of Grantees Grant in US$
Afghanistan
Afghanistan Center for Environment and Security
Pob Box 1728, Central Post Office, KABUL, Afghanistan
Climate change impact assessment on water availability and sediment
yield in the Kabul River Basin
Algeria
2. Algeria US$12,000
Abouseoud, MAHMOUD
Dépt Génie des Procédés pharmaceutiques, Institue des Sciences de
I’Ingénieur, Université des Sciences et de la Technologies Houari
Boumediene (USTHB), Ain Dahabm Médéa 26000, Algeria
Séparation, purification et caractérisation de biosurfactant produit par
cellules libres et immobiliesées de Pseudomonas spp.(2003-S)
Bangladesh
3. Bangladesh US$9,950
NOWSAD Alam A.K.M
Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries
Bangladesh Agricultural University, MYMENSINGH-2201
Improvement of the gel quality of minces from by-catch and underutilized
fish species Landing of marine by-catch species has recently been
increased in Bangladesh due to introduction (2001-S)
4. Bangladesh US$9,300
ALAM, Samsul
Department of Fisheries Biology and
Genetics
Bangladesh Agricultural University,
Mymensingh 2202
Study of intraspecific genetic variability of
the riverine population of rohu (Labeo
rohita) by randomly amplified polymorphic
DNA technique (2000-W)
5. Bangladesh US$11,000
Seddique, Ashraf Ali
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka
Dhaka
Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of arsenic contaminsted
aquifers (2003-S)
6. Bangladesh US$11,000
KUNDA, Mrityunjoy
Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU)
Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fisheries Management,
Mymensingh
Promotion of mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) and freshwater prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) culture integrated with rice in farmers field
and its livelihood impacts (2006-S)
18
7. Bangladesh US$10,000
ASADUZZAMAN, Md.
Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU)
Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fisheries Management
Mymensingh-2202
Low cost approaches to raise the freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium
rosenbergii) productivity of stagnant sustainable ponds in
Bangladesh(2006-W)
8. Bangladesh US$8,000
BHUIYAN, A.B.M. Faruquzzaman
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Department of Water Resources Engineering, DHAKA- 1000
Hydro-morphological variability and environmental flow requirements for
selected alluvial rivers in Bangladesh.(2007-W)
9. Bangladesh US$8,000
FERDOUSI, Farhana Khannam
Rnagpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS), DHAKA- 1000
“No Park is an island”: Evaluating management practices in the buffer
zones of selected protected areas in Bangladesh. (2008-S)
10. Bangladesh US$12,800
DEWAN, Ashraf Mahmood
The Department of Geography & Environment, University of Dhaka
Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Integrating GIS and remote sensing techniques to evaluate risk of flood
and water borne diseases in Dhaka metropolitan area of
Bangladesh.(2008-W)
11. Bangladesh US$8,750
M. Mahbubul ALAM
Centre for Innovation & Development Strategy (CIDS)
Simon Palace, House # 20, Road # 07, Block-, Banasree Project
Rampura, Dhaka-1219
Homestead agroforestry system in Bangladesh: Socioeconomic role and
in situe conservation of biological diversity(2009-S)
12. Bangladesh US$11,000
HAQUE, Mohammad Mahfujul
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries
Bangladesh Agriculture University (BAU), Mymensingh
Local and global implications for use of catfish (<Pangasianodon
<hypophthalmus) pond sediments in fodder grass production in periurban
area of Mymensingh, Bangladesh(2009-W)
13. Bangladesh US$12,000
ISLAM, Md. Rashidul
Associate Professor
Department of Plant Pathology
Faculty of Agriculture
Bangladesh Agricultural University Research System (BAURES),
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Banagaldesh
19
Assessment of pathotypic and genetic diversity of a rice pathogen,
<xanthomonas<oryzae<pv. <oryzae occurs in Bangladesh (2011-S)
14. Bangladesh US$11,900
SHAHIDUZZAMAN, Md.
Assistant Professor, Department of Parasitology,
Facult of Veterinary Sciecne, Bangladesh Agricultural University,
Mymensingh-2202, Banladesh
Investigation of Cryptosiporidium oocysts in animal and human faeces
and thedifferent water sources in Bangladesh
15. Bangladesh US$11,500
HOSSAIN, Mohammad Zabed
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 100
Microbial ecology of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere and root
nodules of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in arsenic affected soils in
Bangladesh(2012)
16. Bangladesh US$12,000
SHOEB, Mohammad
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Biologically Active Secondary
Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi (2013)
17. Bangladesh US$12,000
RAHMAN, Mohammed Mizanur
Faculty Engineering & Technology
Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Deptt.,
University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Preparation of biomimetic composites from waste prawn and egg shell
for bone regeneration (2013)
18. Bangladesh US$12,000
ISLAM, Md Monirul
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Biological Sciences
University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Adaptation strategies and sustainable livelihoods: Addressing the
impacts of climate variability and change on inland fishery-dependent
people in Bangladesh
19. Bangladesh US$12,000
SAROWAR, Mohammad Nasif
Dept of Fisheries Biology and Genetics
Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU)
Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
Towards understanding mycotic diseases in aquaculture in Bangladesh:
Molecular approach to characterisation of the causal agents
20. Bangladesh US$12,000
MONIRUZZAMAN, Mohammad
Department of Animal Science
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU),
2202 MYMENSINGH
20
Bangladesh
Production of buffalo embryo from in vitro grown oocytes
21. Benin US$10,300
ADITE, Alphonse
Wetland Institute, 08 BP 0234 Tri Postal, COTONOU, Benin
Diversity and management of the mangrove fishes in the Benin coastal
zones
Benin
22. Benin US$6,900
GBEHOUNOU, Gualber
Laboratoire Defense des Cultures, Institut National des Recherché
Agricoles du Benin, BP 128, Porto-Novo, Benin
Etude de lecologie de la germination des graines de Rhamphicarpa
fistulosa (Hochst.) Benth. et identification de faux hotes(2000-S)
23. Benin US$11,830
DANSI, Alexandre
Institut de Recherché et de Development sur la bio-diversite des
Plantes Cultivees, Agromatiques et Medicinales
IRDCAM 071 BP 28 Ste Rita, COTONOU
Les ignames cultivees du complexe Dioscorea (cayenensis-rotundata)
du Benin: domestication, selection participative et conservation in
situ(2002-S)
24. Benin US$8,400
FAGBEMISSI, Rose C
Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale, Département des Sciences de
Production Végétale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques (FSA)
Université Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
Empowering women for conservation and use of “Egusi” species for food
security and poverty reduction in Benin(2004-S)
25. Benin US$11,500
Dr. Serge Eric Kokou Attignon
Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquee (LEA)
Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques (FSA) Unversite d’Abomey Calavi
(UAC), 01 BP 526, Cotonou
Termite assemblages and functional diversity in agriculture and forest
ecosystems in southern Benin (2005-W).
26. Benin US$8,615
ALAVO, Thiery B Charles
Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC)
Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Zoologie,
Cotonou
Investigations on eco-friendly compounds for the control of Helicoverpa
armigera on cotton (2006-S)
27. Benin US$9,200
AKOSSOU, Arcadius Yves Justin
Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée (LEA), Faculté des Sciences
Agronomiques (FSA), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), COTONOU
Impact de la structure des données sur la qualité des prédictions :
21
Application aux données agrométéorologiques au Bénin (2007-S)
28. Benin US$9,980
AVOCEVOU, Carolle M.A.
Université d’ Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Faculté des Sciences
Agronomiques (FSA), Laboratoire d’ Ecologie Appliquée (LEA),
COTONOU
Assessing ecological diversity and productivity of Pentadesma butyracea
(Sabine) in Benin.(2008-S)
29. Benin US$10,400
GLIN, Laurent Camille
Organisation Béninoise pour la Promotion de l’Agriculture Biologique
(OBEPAB), 02 BP 8033 Cotonou, Benin
Policy and institutional reforms and the environment in the cotton
industry in Benin: An ecological modernization perspective
30. Benin US$11,816
LAGNIKA, Latifou
Département de Biochimie et de Biologie cellulaire, Faculté des
Sciecnes et Techniques, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologe
Moléculaire, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP 0320 Cotonou
Etude toxicologique et histologique in vivo, et activité antipaludique de
six plantes de la pharmacopée béninoise
31. Benin US$11,700
FOGNY FANOU, Nadia Lisette Medesse
Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Nutrition and Food Sciences (DNSA),
University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Cotonou, Benin
Effect of MNP-enriched fonio porridge on the prevalence of iron
deficiency anemia among young Beninese children (2013)
32. Benin US$10,200
LOKONON, E Bruno
Département d'Aménagement et Gestion des Ressources Naturelles
Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques (FSA), Université d'Abomey-Calavi
(UAC)
01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
Assessing local conservation priorities of useful woody species within
agroforestry systems along Ouémé catchment in Benin (West Africa)
33. Benin US$8,200
MENSAH, Sylvanus
Laboratoire d´Ecologie Appliquée (LEA)
Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques (FSA), Université d'Abomey-Calavi
(UAC)
01 BP 526, COTONOU, Benin
Assessing effects of abiotic and biotic factors on the early recruitment of
an endangered African tree species: Afzelia africana Sm.
(Ceasalpiniaceae) in Benin (West Africa)
22
34. Benin US$10,500
GOUSSANOU, A Cedric
Laboratoire d´Ecologie Appliquée (LEA)
Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques (FSA)
Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC)
01 BP 526, COTONOU
Benin
Estimation and monitoring of litterfall carbon fluxes in Lama forest
reserve
35. Benin
SOCLO, Wilfried Parfait US$11,800
The World Stands on Knowledge, Science & Technology-II
Though, “All human are one nation” (Al Quraan) but there are 200 countries of 5 continentals, 4 kinds of Blood grouping (A+, A-, B+, B-), several kinds of Religions and two kinds of Ethnics based nearly 800 hundred crore human’s are being lived under UNO. With a view to compare Knowledge, Science & Technology; we are hereby divided the following two kinds of mankind in ethnically, those who have made the world stand out in Knowledge, Science and Technology:
i) Semitic &
ii) Aryan.
Who are Semitic?
Who are Aryan?
Semitic and the World Knowledge, Science
& Technology in Europe
Roman Empire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Roman Empire was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, with a government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. Wikipedia
Roman Empire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Roman Empire |
The Roman Empire in AD 117, at its greatest extent at the time of Trajan's death (with its vassalsin pink).[1]
Capital |
Common languages | |
Religion | · Imperial cult-drivenpolytheism (Before AD 380) · Nicene Christianity (State Church of the Roman Empire) (From AD 380) |
• 27 BC – AD 14 | |
• 98–117 | |
• 284–305 | |
• 306–337 | |
·
of it to many parts of the Mediterranean Basin and Europe. For this reason, Classical Greece is generally considered to be the seminal culture which provided the foundation of modern Western culture and is considered the cradle of Western civilization.[2][3][4]
Classical Greek culture gave a lot of importance to knowledge. Science and religion were not separate and getting closer to the truth meant getting closer to the gods. In this context, they understood the importance of mathematics as an instrument for obtaining more reliable ("divine") knowledge.[5] Greek culture, in a few centuries and with a limited population, managed to explore and make progress in many fields of science, mathematics, philosophy and knowledge in general.
In the second half of the 6th century BC, Athens fell under the tyranny of Peisistratos and then of his sons Hippias and Hipparchos. However, in 510 BC, at the instigation of the Athenian aristocrat Cleisthenes, the Spartan king Cleomenes I helped the Athenians overthrow the tyranny. Afterwards, Sparta and Athens promptly turned on each other, at which point Cleomenes I installed Isagoras as a pro-Spartan archon. Eager to prevent Athens from becoming a Spartan puppet, Cleisthenes responded by proposing to his fellow citizens that Athens undergo a revolution: that all citizens share in political power, regardless of status: that Athens become a "democracy". So enthusiastically did the Athenians take to this idea that, having overthrown Isagoras and implemented Cleisthenes's reforms, they were easily able to repel a Spartan-led three-pronged invasion aimed at restoring Isagoras.[17] The advent of the democracy cured many of the ills of Athens and led to a 'golden age' for the Athenians.
Alexander the Great
The Hellenistic period lasted from 323 BC, which marked the end of the wars of Alexander the Great, to the annexation of Greece by the Roman Republic in 146 BC. Although the establishment of Roman rule did not break the continuity of Hellenistic society and culture, which remained essentially unchanged until the advent of Christianity, it did mark the end of Greek political independence.
After the death of Alexander, his empire was, after quite some conflict, divided among his generals, resulting in the Ptolemaic Kingdom (Egypt and adjoining North Africa), the Seleucid Empire (the Levant, Mesopotamia and Persia) and the Antigonid dynasty (Macedonia). In the intervening period, the poleis of Greece were able to wrest back some of their freedom, although still nominally subject to the Macedonian Kingdom.
During the Hellenistic period, the importance of "Greece proper" (that is, the territory of modern Greece) within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centers of Hellenistic culture were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Seleucid Empire, respectively.
The conquests of Alexander had numerous consequences for the Greek city-states. It greatly widened the horizons of the Greeks and led to a steady emigration, particularly of the young and ambitious, to the new Greek empires in the east.[49] Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch and the many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander's wake, as far away as what are now Afghanistanand Pakistan, where the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo-Greek Kingdom survived until the end of the first century BC.
The city-states within Greece formed themselves into two leagues; the Achaean League (including Thebes, Corinth and Argos) and theAetolian League (including Sparta and Athens). For much of the period until the Roman conquest, these leagues were usually at war with each other, and/or allied to different sides in the conflicts between the Diadochi (the successor states to Alexander's empire).
The Antigonid Kingdom became involved in a war with the Roman Republic in the late 3rd century. Although the First Macedonian Warwas inconclusive, the Romans, in typical fashion, continued to make war on Macedon until it was completely absorbed into the Roman Republic (by 149 BC). In the east the unwieldy Seleucid Empire gradually disintegrated, although a rump survived until 64 BC, whilst the Ptolemaic Kingdom continued in Egypt until 30 BC, when it too was conquered by the Romans. The Aetolian league grew wary of Roman involvement in Greece, and sided with the Seleucids in the Roman–Seleucid War; when the Romans were victorious, the league was effectively absorbed into the Republic. Although the Achaean league outlasted both the Aetolian league and Macedon, it was also soon defeated and absorbed by the Romans in 146 BC, bringing an end to the independence of all of Greece.
Roman Greece
The Greek peninsula came under Roman rule during the 146 BC conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth. Macedonia became a Roman province while southern Greece came under the surveillance of Macedonia's prefect; however, some Greek poleis managed to maintain a partial independence and avoid taxation. The Aegean islands were added to this territory in 133 BC.Athens and other Greek cities revolted in 88 BC, and the peninsula was crushed by the Roman general Sulla. The Roman civil wars devastated the land even further, until Augustus organized the peninsula as the province of Achaea in 27 BC.
Greece was a key eastern province of the Roman Empire, as the Roman culture had long been in fact Greco-Roman. The Greek language served as a lingua franca in the East and in Italy, and many Greek intellectuals such as Galen would perform most of their work in Rome.
During the Archaic period, the population of Greece grew beyond the capacity of its limited arable land (according to one estimate, the population of ancient Greece increased by a factor larger than ten during the period from 800 BC to 400 BC, increasing from a population of 800,000 to a total estimated population of 10 to 13 million).[52]
From about 750 BC the Greeks began 250 years of expansion, settling colonies in all directions. To the east, the Aegean coast of Asia Minor was colonized first, followed by Cyprus and the coasts of Thrace, the Sea of Marmara and south coast of the Black Sea.
Eventually Greek colonization reached as far northeast as present day Ukraine and Russia (Taganrog). To the west the coasts of Illyria,Sicily and Southern Italy were settled, followed by Southern France, Corsica, and even northeastern Spain. Greek colonies were also founded in Egypt and Libya.
Modern Syracuse, Naples, Marseille and Istanbul had their beginnings as the Greek colonies Syracusae (Συρακούσαι), Neapolis (Νεάπολις), Massalia (Μασσαλία) and Byzantion (Βυζάντιον). These colonies played an important role in the spread of Greek influence throughout Europe and also aided in the establishment of long-distance trading networks between the Greek city-states, boosting the economy of ancient Greece.
Later Roman Empire
During the second and third centuries, Greece was divided into provinces including Achaea, Macedonia, Epirus and Thrace. During the reign of Diocletian in the late 3rd century, Moesia was organized as a diocese, and was ruled by Galerius. Under Constantine (who professed Christianity) Greece was part of the prefectures of Macedonia and Thrace. Theodosius divided the prefecture of Macedonia into the provinces of Creta, Achaea, Thessalia, Epirus Vetus, Epirus Nova, and Macedonia. The Aegean islands formed the province of Insulae in the Diocese of Asia.
Greece faced invasions from the Heruli, Goths, and Vandals during the reign of Romulus Augustulus. Stilicho, who pretented he was a regent for Arcadius, evacuated Thessaly when theVisigoths invaded in the late 4th century. Arcadius' chief advisor Eutropius allowed Alaric to enter Greece, and he looted Athens, Corinth and the Peloponnese. Stilicho eventually drove him out around 397 and Alaric was made magister militum in Illyricum. Eventually, Alaric and the Goths migrated to Italy, sacked Rome in 410, and built the Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia, which lasted until 711 with the advent of the Arabs.
Science and technology
Main articles: List of Graeco-Roman geographers, Greek astronomy, Greek mathematics, Ancient Greek medicine, and Ancient Greek technology
The Antikythera mechanism was ananalog computer from 150–100 BC designed to calculate the positions of astronomical objects.
Ancient Greek mathematics contributed many important developments to the field of mathematics, including the basic rules of geometry, the idea offormal mathematical proof, and discoveries in number theory, mathematical analysis, applied mathematics, and approached close to establishingintegral calculus. The discoveries of several Greek mathematicians, including Pythagoras, Euclid, and Archimedes, are still used in mathematical teaching today.
The Greeks developed astronomy, which they treated as a branch of mathematics, to a highly sophisticated level. The first geometrical, three-dimensional models to explain the apparent motion of the planets were developed in the 4th century BC by Eudoxus of Cnidus and Callippus of Cyzicus. Their younger contemporary Heraclides Ponticus proposed that the Earth rotates around its axis. In the 3rd century BC Aristarchus of Samos was the first to suggest a heliocentric system. Archimedes in his treatise The Sand Reckoner revives Aristarchus' hypothesis that "the fixed stars and the Sun remain unmoved, while the Earth revolves about the Sun on the circumference of a circle". Otherwise, only fragmentary descriptions of Aristarchus' idea survive.[78] Eratosthenes, using the angles of shadows created at widely separated regions, estimated the circumference of the Earth with great accuracy.[79] In the 2nd century BC Hipparchus of Nicea made a number of contributions, including the first measurement of precession and the compilation of the first star catalog in which he proposed the modern system of apparent magnitudes.
The Antikythera mechanism, a device for calculating the movements of planets, dates from about 80 BC, and was the first ancestor of the astronomical computer. It was discovered in an ancient shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete. The device became famous for its use of a differential gear, previously believed to have been invented in the 16th century, and the miniaturization and complexity of its parts, comparable to a clock made in the 18th century. The original mechanism is displayed in the Bronze collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, accompanied by a replica.
The ancient Greeks also made important discoveries in the medical field. Hippocrates was a physician of the Classical period, and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is referred to as the "father of medicine"[80][81] in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic school of medicine. This intellectual school revolutionized medicine in ancient Greece, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields that it had traditionally been associated with (notably theurgy and philosophy), thus making medicine a profession.[82][83]
The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)[note 1] is a collegiate public research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209 and granted a Royal Charter by King Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's fourth-oldest surviving university.[9] The university grew out of an association of scholars who left the University of Oxford after a dispute with the townspeople.[10] The two medieval universities share many common features and are often referred to jointly as "Oxbridge". The history and influence of the University of Cambridge has made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.[11]
Cambridge is formed from a variety of institutions which include 31 constituent Colleges and over 100 academic departments organised into six schools. Cambridge University Press, a department of the university, is the world's oldest publishing house and the second-largest university press in the world. The university also operates eight cultural and scientific museums, including the Fitzwilliam Museum, as well as a botanic garden. Cambridge's libraries hold a total of around 15 million books, eight million of which are in Cambridge University Library, a legal deposit library.
In the fiscal year ending 31 July 2017, the university had a total income of £1.71 billion, of which £458 million was from research grants and contracts.[2] The central university and colleges have a combined endowment of around £4.9 billion, the second largest of any university in the UK.[12] The university is closely linked with the development of the high-tech business cluster known as "Silicon Fen". It is a member of numerous associations and forms part of the "golden triangle" of leading English universities and Cambridge University Health Partners, anacademic health science centre.
As of September 2017, Cambridge is ranked the world's second best university by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings,[13]and is ranked 3rd worldwide by Academic Ranking of World Universities, 6th by QS, and 7th by US News.[14][15][16] According to the Times Higher Education ranking, no other institution in the world ranks in the top 10 for as many subjects.[17] The university has educated many notable alumni, including eminent mathematicians, scientists, politicians, lawyers, philosophers, writers, actors and foreign Heads of State. As of August 2018, 116 Nobel Laureates, 11 Fields Medalists, 6 Turing Award winners and 15 British Prime Ministers have been affiliated with Cambridge as students, alumni, faculty or research staff.[18]
Contents
· 1History
o 2.2Sites
o 5.2Sport
· 8Gallery
· 10Notes
- By the late 12th century, the Cambridge region already had a scholarly and ecclesiastical reputation, due to monks from the nearby bishopric church of Ely. However, it was an incident at Oxford which is most likely to have formed the establishment of the university: two Oxford scholars were hanged by the town authorities for the death of a woman, without consulting the ecclesiastical authorities, who would normally take precedence (and pardon the scholars) in such a case, but were at that time in conflict with King John. The University of Oxford went into suspension in protest, and most scholars moved to cities such as Paris, Reading, and Cambridge. After the University of Oxford reformed several years later, enough scholars remained in Cambridge to form the nucleus of the new university.[19] In order to claim precedence, it is common for Cambridge to trace its founding to the 1231 charter from King Henry III granting it the right to discipline its own members (ius non-trahi extra) and an exemption from some taxes (Oxford would not receive a similar enhancement until 1248).[20]
- A bull in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX gave graduates from Cambridge the right to teach "everywhere in Christendom".[21] After Cambridge was described as a studium generale in a letter by Pope Nicholas IV in 1290,[22] and confirmed as such in a bull by Pope John XXII in 1318,[23] it became common for researchers from other European medieval universities to visit Cambridge to study or to give lecture courses.[22]
- Foundation of the colleges[edit]
- Emmanuel College Chapel
- The colleges at the University of Cambridge were originally an incidental feature of the system. No college is as old as the university itself. The colleges were endowed fellowships of scholars. There were also institutions without endowments, called hostels. The hostels were gradually absorbed by the colleges over the centuries, but they have left some indications of their existence, such as the name of Garret Hostel Lane.[24]
- Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Ely, founded Peterhouse, Cambridge's first college, in 1284. Many colleges were founded during the 14th and 15th centuries, but colleges continued to be established until modern times, although there was a gap of 204 years between the founding of Sidney Sussexin 1596 and that of Downing in 1800. The most recently established college is Robinson, built in the late 1970s. However, Homerton College only achieved full university college status in March 2010, making it the newest full college (it was previously an "Approved Society" affiliated with the university).
- In medieval times, many colleges were founded so that their members would pray for the souls of the founders, and were often associated with chapels or abbeys. A change in the colleges' focus occurred in 1536 with the Dissolution of the Monasteries. King Henry VIII ordered the university to disband its Faculty of Canon Law[25] and to stop teaching "scholastic philosophy". In response, colleges changed their curricula away from canon law, and towards the classics, the Bible, and mathematics.
- Nearly a century later, the university was at the centre of a Protestant schism. Many nobles, intellectuals and even commoners saw the ways of the Church of England as being too similar to the Catholic Church and felt that it was used by the Crown to usurp the rightful powers of the counties. East Anglia was the centre of what became the Puritan movement. At Cambridge, it was particularly strong at Emmanuel, St Catharine's Hall, Sidney Sussex and Christ's College.[26] They produced many "non-conformist" graduates who greatly influenced, by social position or pulpit, the approximately 20,000 Puritans who left for New England and especially the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the Great Migration decade of the 1630s. Oliver Cromwell, Parliamentary commander during the English Civil War and head of the English Commonwealth (1649–1660), attended Sidney Sussex
- By the late 12th century, the Cambridge region already had a scholarly and ecclesiastical reputation, due to monks from the nearby bishopric church of Ely. However, it was an incident at Oxford which is most likely to have formed the establishment of the university: two Oxford scholars were hanged by the town authorities for the death of a woman, without consulting the ecclesiastical authorities, who would normally take precedence (and pardon the scholars) in such a case, but were at that time in conflict with King John. The University of Oxford went into suspension in protest, and most scholars moved to cities such as Paris, Reading, and Cambridge. After the University of Oxford reformed several years later, enough scholars remained in Cambridge to form the nucleus of the new university.[19] In order to claim precedence, it is common for Cambridge to trace its founding to the 1231 charter from King Henry III granting it the right to discipline its own members (ius non-trahi extra) and an exemption from some taxes (Oxford would not receive a similar enhancement until 1248).[20]
- A bull in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX gave graduates from Cambridge the right to teach "everywhere in Christendom".[21] After Cambridge was described as a studium generale in a letter by Pope Nicholas IV in 1290,[22] and confirmed as such in a bull by Pope John XXII in 1318,[23] it became common for researchers from other European medieval universities to visit Cambridge to study or to give lecture courses.[22]
- Foundation of the colleges[edit]
- The colleges at the University of Cambridge were originally an incidental feature of the system. No college is as old as the university itself. The colleges were endowed fellowships of scholars. There were also institutions without endowments, called hostels. The hostels were gradually absorbed by the colleges over the centuries, but they have left some indications of their existence, such as the name of Garret Hostel Lane.[24]
- Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Ely, founded Peterhouse, Cambridge's first college, in 1284. Many colleges were founded during the 14th and 15th centuries, but colleges continued to be established until modern times, although there was a gap of 204 years between the founding of Sidney Sussexin 1596 and that of Downing in 1800. The most recently established college is Robinson, built in the late 1970s. However, Homerton College only achieved full university college status in March 2010, making it the newest full college (it was previously an "Approved Society" affiliated with the university).
- In medieval times, many colleges were founded so that their members would pray for the souls of the founders, and were often associated with chapels or abbeys. A change in the colleges' focus occurred in 1536 with the Dissolution of the Monasteries. King Henry VIII ordered the university to disband its Faculty of Canon Law[25] and to stop teaching "scholastic philosophy". In response, colleges changed their curricula away from canon law, and towards the classics, the Bible, and mathematics.
- Nearly a century later, the university was at the centre of a Protestant schism. Many nobles, intellectuals and even commoners saw the ways of the Church of England as being too similar to the Catholic Church and felt that it was used by the Crown to usurp the rightful powers of the counties. East Anglia was the centre of what became the Puritan movement. At Cambridge, it was particularly strong at Emmanuel, St Catharine's Hall, Sidney Sussex and Christ's College.[26] They produced many "non-conformist" graduates who greatly influenced, by social position or pulpit, the approximately 20,000 Puritans who left for New England and especially the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the Great Migration decade of the 1630s. Oliver Cromwell, Parliamentary commander during the English Civil War and head of the English Commonwealth (1649–1660), attended Sidney Sussex.
Science and technology in Germany
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Germany's achievements in science and technology have been very significant and research and development efforts form an integral part of the country's economy. Germany has been the home of some of the most prominent researchers in various scientific disciplines, notably physics, mathematics, chemistryand engineering.[1] Before World War II, Germany had generated more Nobel laureates in scientific fields than any other nation. It compelled as best country in the natural sciences.[2][3]
Scientific research in the country is supported by industry, by the network of German universities and by scientific state-institutions such as the Max Planck Society and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The raw output of scientific research from Germany consistently ranks among the world's best.[4]Germany was named the second most innovative country in the world in the 2015 Bloomberg Innovation Index,[5] and consistently manages to be in the top three.[citation needed]
Scientific fields[edit]
· The work of Albert Einstein and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödingerdeveloped further.[7] They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901[8] and eventually earned him an element name, roentgenium. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz's work in the domain of electromagnetic radiation were pivotal to the development of modern telecommunication.[9] Mathematical aerodynamics was developed in Germany, especially by Ludwig Prandtl.
· Paul Forman in 1971 argued the remarkable scientific achievements in quantum physics were the cross-product of the hostile intellectual atmosphere whereby many scientists rejected Weimar Germany and Jewish scientists, revolts against causality, determinism and materialism, and the creation of the revolutionary new theory of quantum mechanics. The scientists adjusted to the intellectual environment by dropping Newtonian causality from quantum mechanics, thereby opening up an entirely new and highly successful approach to physics. The "Forman Thesis" has generated an intense debate among historians of science.[10][11]
Chemistry[edit]
· At the start of the 20th century, Germany garnered fourteen of the first thirty-one Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, starting with Hermann Emil Fischer in 1902 and until Carl Bosch and Friedrich Bergius in 1931.[8]
· Otto Hahn is considered a pioneer of radioactivity and radiochemistry with the discovery of nuclear fission in 1938, the scientific and technological basis of atomic energy.
· The bio-chemist Adolf Butenandt independently worked out the molecular structure of the primary male sex hormone of testosterone and was the first to successfully synthesize it from cholesterol in 1935.
· Engineering[edit]
· Germany has been the home of many famous inventors and engineers, such as Johannes Gutenberg, who is credited with the invention of movable type printing in Europe; Hans Geiger, the creator of the Geiger counter; and Konrad Zuse, who built the first electronic computer.[12] German inventors, engineers and industrialists such as Zeppelin, Daimler, Diesel, Otto, Wankel, Von Braun and Benz helped shape modern automotive and air transportation technology including the beginnings of space travel.[13][14] The engineer Otto Lilienthal laid some of the fundamentals for the science ofaviation.[15]
· Biological and earth sciences[edit]
· Ferdinand Cohn, Robert Koch and Rudolph Virchow, three key figures in microbiology, were from Germany. Alexander von Humboldt's (1769–1859) work as a natural scientist and explorer was foundational to biogeography.[16] Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) was an eclectic Russian-bornbotanist and climatologist who synthesized global relationships between climate, vegetation and soil types into a classification system that is used, with some modifications, to this day.[17] Alfred Wegener (1880–1930), a similarly interdisciplinary scientist, was one of the first people to hypothesize the theory of continental drift which was later developed into the overarching geological theory of plate tectonics.
· Psychology[edit]
· Wilhelm Wundt is credited with the establishment of psychology as an independent empirical science through his construction of the first laboratory at the University of Leipzig in 1879.[18]
· Humanities[edit]
· Besides natural sciences, German researchers have added much to the development of humanities. Contemporary examples are the philosopher Jürgen Habermas, the egyptologist Jan Assmann, the sociologist Niklas Luhmann, the historian Reinhart Koselleck and the legal historian Michael Stolleis. In order to promote the international visibility of research in these fields a new prize, Geisteswissenschaften International, was established in 2008. It serves the translation of studies in humanities into English.[1]
· This is a list of the universities in Germany, of which there are about seventy. The list also includes German Technische Universitäten (universities of technology), which have official and full university status, but usually focus on engineering and the natural sciences rather than covering the whole spectrum of academic disciplines. Some seventeen German universities rank among top 250 universities in world[1] Highest ranked universities in Germany include some research oriented universities for MS, MBA and Medical and Engineering.[2]
· The list does not, however, cover the German Fachhochschulen (University of Applied Sciences) or institutions that cover only certain disciplines such as business studies, fine arts, or engineering. Those do not have all of the responsibilities and limitations of universities, and they cannot award doctoratedegrees on their own.
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